Avalade XXI case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Avalade XXI contextual investigation - Essay Example When building up an undertaking the executives plan, it is helpful to think about a portion of the dangers related with the usage, the normal advantages, and the mechanical arrangements offered (Wang, 2012). All the more explicitly, a basic gander at the faculty required as far as their aptitudes and ability to satisfy the targets of the undertaking, by what means will great execution by the workers be checked, and what measures have been built up to deal with any issues that may emerge with representative execution. Meag was an IT provider who had restricted involvement with executing huge frameworks. As indicated by Xu and Quaddus (2013) one of the elements that decides the effective usage of huge frameworks is the nearness of talented workers at various purposes of the execution plan. That is, a group of talented representatives who will deal with the usage procedure, to the workers who will execute the exercises of the execution plan. Meag and Casa XX1 should have a supervisory crew set up that would explicitly screen the execution of the arrangement, they would collaborate with the administrators of the arena, clients, and among one another. This would empower CASA XX1 to identify any issues that may emerge from the framework at the soonest point and make therapeutic move. The undertaking the board usage group must be exceptionally talented and have the information all in all framework and its usefulness. Meag and Casa XX1 ought to have recruited a group of able venture administrators who mi ght have stemmed the issue in time. The group would explicitly lias with framework engineers to educate them regarding the rising issue and composed with the designers in building up a quick reaction. Other than recruiting a group of exceptionally gifted and competent task directors, Meag and Casa XX1 should have built up an unmistakable hierarchical structure that would have set up a reasonable system that diagrams the obligations of every worker and the going with duties and the correspondence

Developing Hospitality properties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Creating Hospitality properties - Essay Example In this way, the promoting will comprise of standard mail, flag advertisements, and additions. Additionally, uncommon endeavors will be taken to guarantee the presence of exceptional articles about the eatery in papers and other wellbeing magazines. This is so on the grounds that it has been discovered that such articles can possibly draw in individuals effectively and persuade them. It has been discovered that cafés and different organizations which figure out how to have articles distributed in papers and magazines experience emotional development in business. Along these lines, individual connections will be used to accomplish this point. Allen Pasta Restaurant intends to offer its clients the best and most scrumptious pasta feast in the city. Likewise, this will be offered in the best and most satisfying atmosphere. Moreover, extraordinary consideration will be taken to guarantee that the clients are given a superior assistance than they foreseen (Marketing system, 2000). In this way, it becomes obvious that Allen’s clients are matured from 25-55, who are answerable for 62% of the all out utilization in the city of - . In spite of the fact that age doesn't involve significant concern, Allen’s clients will be youthful working individuals and families with a salary above $ 40,000. Another point is the expanding wellbeing awareness in the city. In this way, a significant extent of the clients will be the wellbeing cognizant eaters of the city who are happy to go through cash for good dieting choices. Allen Pasta Restaurant needs to situate itself as a normal evaluated, upscale, pasta eatery. The clients will be the ones who love quality and delicious pastas, wellbeing cognizant, taught people, gatherings, and families, as a rule inside the age of 25-50. Administration In request to guarantee that the clients are offered the best assistance involvement with the city, the representatives will be given uncommon preparing. Just quality workers will be sent. It is determined that better item alongside better assistance will enable the organization to beat its adversaries. The most significant

New Student Photo Entry #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following photos come from Jamal Haider, incoming MIA student. Photo Taken at: Sigiriya Rock Fort in Sri Lanka Description: This picture was taken at the Sigiriya Rock Fort in Sri Lanka during my visit to the country in March 2008. The Fort was built by King Kashypa around 1650 years back. The entrance to the upper part of the fort was constructed to look like a lions head. The king actually went into the lions mouth to get to his personal quarters. The massive paws you see is what is left of the construction now. Photo Taken at: Yogyakarta, Indonesia Description: An Indonesian fisherman fishing for crustacians, shrimps and little fish to sell at the local market. The net and a bucket is all that they use to catch fish in these rough waters. Photo Taken at: Ghorra Gali, Pakistan Description: The picture was taken in a remote village of Ghorra Gali in the Murree District of Pakistan while I was hiking from Ghorra Gali to Islamabad with the Asian Study Group. The total distance was 28 km and it took us 8 hours to complete. This little lady was sitting on the road playing with rocks. She seems unhappy with the passing strangers as none of them brought any sweets or treats for the kids.

The Main Element Of The Philosophy Of Right - 897 Words

Although the Element of the Philosophy of Right is described as political philosophy, the text’s primary concept is freedom. Hegel’s dominant claim is that free will is the only way in which right is pertinent to philosophical science. He describes will as the ability to convey concepts into existence. The will exists solely when an action is brought forward and only in those who are self-conscious. The origin of right is crafted by the free will that expresses freedom, which Hegel states is the goal of right. Hegel affirms that the will is free. â€Å"When the will has universality, or itself as infinite form, as its content, object [Gegenstand], and end, it is free not only it itself but also for itself- it is the Idea in its truth.† (Hegel†¦show more content†¦He proves this by stating, â€Å"the will s subjective being-for-itself and its being-in-itself, or between its exclusive and resolving individuality [on the one hand] and its universality itse lf† (Hegel 1991:24) Hegel is proposing that the natural will is only free in its concept due to the fact that it has not yet fully comprehended its freedom. Hegel disagrees with some of Kant’s ideas regarding morality and social institutions. Hegel believes that our right is depended on rational institutions and that people cannot fathom maximal freedom due to the confusion of how it is truly achieved, while Kant thinks that the construction of social institution ought to maximize personal freedom under the universal law. This can be shown as Hegel writes, â€Å"Arbitrariness may indeed be called a delusion if it is supposed to be equivalent to freedom. In all as in that of Kant and subsequently in Fries s utterly superficial revision of it, freedom is nothing other than this formal self-activity† (Hegel 1991:15) Hegel’s argument for property is that every person has the right to property and therefore ought to respect the property of others. He refers to a contract with the other person will and comprehension of freedom. This contractShow MoreRelatedPlato and Platipus1186 Words   |  5 PagesIt is normal to underestimate the power of philosophy. It is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science with the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because manyRead MoreMarketing Management Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesefficiency, for example, the speed of delivery and the quality control of the business. This concept is mainly focused internally and not fo cused upon the customer and their needs. The selling concept again is focused on the internal business. The main features of this concept are, large-scale selling and promotional effort with heavy selling techniques and the aim to sell what is made, rather than making what the consumer wants or demands. It has a very short-term focus; it doesn’t consider theRead MoreJustice Is The Legal Or Philosophical Theory Of Justice1503 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul. 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The styles and models of this book did a great job of laying out the philosophies of leadership and how to become successful in the business world. Beginning with the aspects of leadership verse management, Simpson elaborates on the importance of being a leader and the differences that positions hold when being a manger. FurthermoreRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish philosopher, conditional defender of monarchy as the source of civic order (Explorations, 2014).Three philosophers in particular being Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were the key thinkers within the philosophy of social justice, influencing the main idea of a social contract based on their theories, they suggest that the whole of society have been produced by a general social agreement, social contract, this outlines our responsibilities as citizens our obligations to obeyRead MoreLife Without Laws And Regulations Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesLife w ithout laws and regulations would be a world that consists of chaos amongst societies and unfairness, human rights would be affected and our freedom would depend on the authorities of governments. Does this take away our rights based on the State of nature? The social contract would introduce and maintain a controlled society in which protects people’s rights to life, liberty and protection of ones property. John Rawls a modern philosopher carries on the social contract tradition alongsideRead MoreEssay on Philosophy1146 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Philosophy started when human beings started to ask questions, about how and what things are actually, due to curiosity. The things that caused these questions to come about were the people started to realize that everything isn’t exactly what it appears to be. Philosophy started in the town of Miletus, many early philosophers came from here. The philosophers started their work around 585 B.C. Thales, one of the early Miletus philosophers, left no writings behind, all we know

The Very Ideal Of Peace Within Political Rule - 1457 Words

The very ideal of peace within political rule is a relatively simple one. Under a rule of peace, denizens of the state can live without a fear of bloodshed or other unsavory incidents. The more complicated question arises when one considers how this manner of rule could possibly be established. After all, it is human nature to fight and war over pretty much any provocation. How then is it possible for a ruler to establish a state that will maintain peace? In the pursuit of peace for a state, brutality must sometimes be employed in the short term in order to achieve a lasting peace in the long term. Machiavelli had it right when he wrote that in order to be a good ruler, one must not necessarily be a good man. (Klosko 2012 In the first place, people are not good. They will act only in accordance with whatever will best suit their needs. It is human nature to act first and foremost with one’s self interest in mind regardless of what would provide a benefit to the state. This is why a ruler who acts in a good manner to those he rules and expects to only receive the same in return is only fooling himself while also putting the safety and peace of his state in harm’s way. (Klosko 2012) In the words of Machiavelli, â€Å"†¦for a man who wishes to act entirely up to his professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much that is evil.† (Machiavelli 2006, Chap XV) In this, Machiavelli reinforces the idea that due to the nature of man, it is important for a ruler to notShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is The Best Political System1670 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand what democracy involves such as a system of rule by the poor or disadvantaged or a society that is based on equal opportunity and individual merit rather than hierarchy or privilege (Heywood, 2013; p.89) . Whether democracy is the best political system for everyone is still very debatable. 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Ethics on Smoking Industry Free Essays

INTRODUCTION: Ethics occupy an important place in today’s modern business world. Every organization makes use of ethics to make day-today decisions and fulfill societal expectations. This essay brings to light ethical and social responsibility that every individual and company should follow in order to become better citizens for society. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics on Smoking Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essay presents analysis based on real case of Philip Morris, a tobacco company in U. S. A versus Mayola – a widow, who took legal action against company for her husband’s death due to smoking. Essay draws balanced argument based on evidences about unethical behavior of tobacco company and smokers personal responsibilities for their actions. We have used Ethical decision-making model of Lagenderfer and Rockness to frame our analysis. ETHICS BUSINESS Ethics in simple terms means set of moral principles or list of rules, which can determine whether particular action undertaken is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. All the activities undertaken by society are based on ethics. Ethics can be personal as well as professional. Personal ethics are based on individual’s values, beliefs, attitudes and actions while business ethics are based on certain principles or code of conduct to guide individual or a group in accordance with societal expectations. Business ethics can be defined as â€Å"study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right or wrong are addressed†(Crane, A Matten ,D, 2007,P. 5). Thus, ethics helps in making decision and is a key for solving problems. Today, society is facing considerable increase in number of ethical issues such as fraud, exploitation, misleading advertisement and increasing pollution. Birt, Chalmers, Beal, Brooks, Byrne, Oliver, 2008, P. 65). CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY It is essential for every organization to undertake corporate social responsibility along with its goals and objectives. According to (Birt et al. , 2008, p. 70) Corporate social responsibility can be referred to responsibility that an entity has to all its stakeho lders, including society in general and physical environment in which it operates. There are many companies, which lack sense of corporate social responsibility and acts against interest of society. RELEVANT FACTS DETERMINED UNDER CASE: Today, business is giving rise to numerous ethical issues, as many companies are involved in exploiting its customers, selling harmful products in markets, false marketing of products and increasing environmental and health issues. Many tobacco companies like Phillip Morris are selling harmful and addictive products like cigarettes that cause serious diseases like lung cancer and heart attack. Analysis of Phillip Morris v. Mayola, Williams case brings down certain relevant facts that give rise to ethical issues. Mayola took a legal action on Philip Morris on the grounds of false and misleading advertisement and marketing undertaken by company for its products. It is fact that Philip Morris knew that tobacco was harmful for health still he advertised his product as non-addictive and safe and Williams death was caused by smoking. Second, fact is that Philip Morris appealed solely against damages that company had to pay to other smokers who did not bring any actions against court. Their appeal was only based on excessive damages that company was supposed to pay to strangers. This clearly indicates that he is very well aware of harms caused by his cigarettes to smokers and did not appeal on the grounds that his products were safe and less addictive. It is also relevant fact that Supreme Court made decision in favor of Philip Morris that company is not liable to pay excessive damages to Ms Williams on the grounds that damages were proper under Oregon statute but was excessive under federal constitution (BBC article, 20 Feb, 2007). This indicates that ethical laws are still complex and not clearly stated under constitution. ETHICAL DILEMMAS FOR BOTH SMOKERS AND COMPANY: Ethical dilemma arises when there is a situation with conflict of interest. We have built certain arguments based on ethical dilemmas from perspective of both smoker and company. We have constructed evidence-based arguments on unethical behavior by Philip Morris Company, which includes major ethical issues, such are selling harmful products, misleading and false advertisement, acting against societal expectations and caring out unethical business practice. Company is involved in producing and selling harmful tobacco products that contains high amount of nicotine, are addictive, and can cause serious health issues such as lung cancer and heart attack. Company acts unethically by encouraging people to smoke and their conflict of interest with societal ethical standards and expectations. According to (Janine and Ruth, 2008) company prevents old smokers from quitting and targets young people and children. Company adopts new and innovative marketing approaches to promote its products like direct mail advertising and sending coupons with discounts. Low tar† cigarettes were developed in response to the health concerns of older smokers in 1970, but experts found them no advantageous to health and did not help smokers to quit. Company lacks in corporate social responsibility as they perform activities that are against interest of society in general and physical environment in which it operates. Company undertakes massive fraud by acting d ishonestly having financial motive in mind. Company is involved in false advertisement indicating their products to be less addictive, more filtered and safe. According to ( Rosner, 2006, P. 193-196) company tries to create illusion by sponsoring cigarette cessation programmes and try to make society believe that they act in ethical way, but their real motive behind it is to promote company’s goal of selling cigarettes and meet their financial interests . Their misleading marketing activities makes lots of people to go for smoking. Philip Morris promised to shut down instantly if their cigarettes were found to be harmful but has failed to keep its promise, which gives rise to ethical dilemma. According to (David Silva, 2004, p. 9-22) Company uses their political and economic influence to create an environment that encourages continued consumption of cigarettes. Company is accused of political lobbying. They lobby legislators and officials in finance ministry in order to keep tobacco prices low and thus encouraging people to smoke. Philip Morris was after minimizing total tax burden on cigarettes in order to keep smoking affordable. Article in Ethical Corporation magazine (2004) states that company declares itself responsible and argues that there is increasing demand for cigarettes by customers and if they stop selling it, someone else will take their position. Company tried to safeguard themselves on the grounds that they are selling legal products, which are not banned by government and are acting in ethical way by warning its customers against dangers associated with smoking. Thus, company gives rise to ethical dilemmas as it has an intension to make huge profits by selling harmful products that are responsible for death of millions of people and still trying to gain creditability as responsible company. From perspective of smokers in general, they give rise to ethical issues by consuming harmful products that are not ethically accepted by society and do not take warnings given by companies and government seriously. It is unethical to blame companies solely responsible for damages caused to them and bring their own actions against company. Their behavior can give rise to ethical dilemmas as their actions have a deep impact on their children and makes smoking more desirable for their kids in future. They also lack in personal and social responsibility by giving rise to health issues and environmental concerns for society in general. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that tobacco is one the world’s greatest preventable health problems. According to our analysis, we came to a balanced conclusion that smokers should take responsibility for their actions and companies should behave ethically by making its customers fully aware about the dangers of smoking. It is very essential to undertake combined ethical and social responsibility by both smokers and tobacco companies to avoid millions of deaths due to smoking and to act in favor of societal expectations. Tobacco companies should stop giving misleading advertisement and marketing activities, which indicates their products to be safe and less addictive. They should stop encouraging consumption of tobacco among young and old and should ban children from its consumption. It is the responsibility of companies to support smoking cessation programs and help smokers to quit not just for sake of creating illusion but also to act in favor of societies interest in general and to build better image in society. Company should change their unethical business practices of creating massive fraud to fulfill its financial motive and provide support to government activities that help smokers to quit. Smokers should follow their personal ethics and should take responsibility for smoking. They should take warnings given by tobacco companies and government to quit smoking seriously. They can search on internet for more information or consult doctor to improve heir knowledge about serious health issues caused by smoking. Smokers should not escape from their personal and social responsibilities towards society and their families. It is unethical to bring their own action against company and solely blame company for health issues caused by smoking. It is moral duty and responsibility of every citizen to bear risk associated with their actions. It is responsibility of government to take care of its citizens and find solutions for their health relating issues. We believe that Political parties should not accept any funds from Tobacco Company for their campaign and government should ban any kind of commercial ads for cigarettes in magazine, newspapers or on television. Government should support smoking cessation programs and quitting and should be alert if tobacco company provides any support as they may mislead government by doing indirect advertising for their products. We recommend that there should be strict tobacco control strategy that restricts consumption of all tobacco products. Thus we conclude that it is ethical, moral and social responsibility for smokers, tobacco companies and government to stop consumption and selling of harmful products for betterment of society and environmental concerns. REFERANCE )Birt, J. ,Chalmers, K. ,Beal, D. , Brooks, A. , Byrne, S. , Oliver, J. (2008). Accounting: Business Reporting for Decision Making. (2nd ed). John Wiley Sons: Milton, Old. 2)Crane, A. , Matten, D. (2007). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship Sustainability in Age of Globalization. (2ND ed). Oxford University Press: New York. 3)David, A. , Silva,V. ( 2004). Building Blocks for Tobacco Control: a handbook tools for advancing t obacco control in xxist century. Publisher World Health Organization: Geneva 4)Rosner, F. (2006). Contemporary Biomedical Ethical Issues and Jewish Laws. KTAV Publishing House: New Jersey 5)Janine, C. , Ruth, M. (2008). False Promises: Journal of American Geriatrics, 56(9), p1716-1723, 8p, 1 chart retrieved on 5/ 09/2009 from Academic Search Premier Database. 6)Tobacco firm wins payout appeal: BBC news article https://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/business/6379767. stm retrieved on 6/9/2009. 7)Philip Morris executive declares his company ‘Responsible’: Article from Ethical Corporation Magazine: http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=2345 retrieved on 8/09/2009. How to cite Ethics on Smoking Industry, Essays

Tolkien Historian Of Middle

Tolkien: Historian Of Middle-Earth Essay John Ronald Reuel Tolkien is remembered for his imaginative writings and the lasting creation of Middle-earth world. However, he was also a great scholar and linguist, holding the position of the Rawlingson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University. His writings owe much of its power to his ocean of knowledge about European languages and a deep understanding and appreciation of the art of storytelling and myths. His books have been translated into twenty-four languages and many millions of copies have been sold worldwide (Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel). Tolkien was born in the Orange Free State, in what is now South Africa, on January 3, 1892. However, his mother brought him home to England when he was four, and after his fathers death his family made their home in rural Sarehole, then on the edge of the industrial city, Brimingham (Rosebury 80-137). When Tolkien was only twelve, his mother passed away, leaving him and his brother in the care of Father Francis Xavier Morgan. Father Morgan was a very strong moral influence on young Tolkien and provided him with loving support though to his years in college (J.R.R. Tolkien 145-146). Tolkien received a very good high school education at King Edward VI School, one of the finest schools in England at the time. From there he went up to Oxford, where he studied English at Exeter College, gaining him first class honors (Rosebury 80-137). At the age of twenty-one, Tolkien proposed to his childhood sweetheart, Edith Bratt, although it was against the wishes of Father Morgan, who objected to him marring someone three years older than himself (J.R.R. Tolkien 145-146). However, the two were unable to web for a few years because Tolkien was drafted to fight in World War I. During the war he served in the Lancashire Fusiliers as an officer, and survived the Somme, though many of his close frien ds and colleagues died (Rosebury 80- 137). His respect for the common solder under the great stress of war shows through in his later writings, where the Hobbits show strength in Mordor, previously unseen by themselves or others (Tolkien, The Return 191-262). We will write a custom essay on Tolkien: Historian Of Middle-Earth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the war he got a job, working at the New English Dictionary, but in 1920 he was appointed reader in English at Leeds University. Four years later he was promoted to Professor, which is the highest academic rank in British universities (Moseley 18-79). It was this time that he started writing. At this stage he thought of his tales as being a new mythology for England. These early works, which laid the basis for his later works, are now published as The Book of Lost Tales(Rosebury 80-137). In 1925 he was elected to the Professorship at Oxford. There he specialized in Philology, the study of words, and was among the most accomplished scholars in his field (Rosebury 80- 137). His love of words led him to work on a series of languages for the Elves of Middle-earth. Though out his lifetime this obsession drove him to produce fourteen languages and he also showed how these languages developed over the course of history of Middle-earth (Chance 7-13). Tolkien said that the one of the first alphabets, called Tengwar, became very popular because it was a very flexible writing system that was easily adapted by the many different races of Middle-earth for use with their languages. The main flaw of this language was that it was very difficult to inscribe onto metal, stone or wood. This led to the creation of Cirth, a similar alphabet but with simpler characters made with strait lines. Tolkien often signed his work with }@O8bael/u} , which translates into his name (Smith Vers. 1.1) . .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .postImageUrl , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:visited , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:active { border:0!important; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:active , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Educational Psychology EssayOver the course of the next few years Tolkien wrote four books for each of his four children. Of these, The Hobbit is the best known and was eventually published in 1937. Stanley Unwin, the publisher asked for a sequel but Tolkien was skeptical of a sequels success (Chance 7-13). He felt as if his work would only be enjoyed by a small minority and was surprised with his previous success. Once he began though he became very involved with the book. Unfortunately World War II intervened, and slowed the process down considerably, taking a total of twelve years to complete. The book blossomed into more than a sequel, being not a bok for children, but a great saga for adults, The Lord of the Rings(Rosebury 80-137). At the time of its first publication the book received mixed reviews. It was not until the late 60s and early 70s that Tolkiens popularity increased dramatically with the official release of the Lord of the Rings in the United States. During this time, there was an international emergence of Tolkien cults, which unfortunately delayed Tolkiens entry into the canon of twentieth-century writers (Chance 7-13). Tolkien retired shortly after the publication of this work, and left Oxford for the coastal resort of Bournemouth, but when his wife, Edith, died he returned to Oxford to be with the rest of his family. He himself died two years later on the 2nd of September 1973, at the age of eighty- one. He was buried alongside his wife in an Oxford cemetery, under their real names and the names of two lovers he had created, Beren and Luthien (Moseley 18-79). Although Tolkiens vison was mainly channeled into his writings, he also drew many pictures and sketches, both in ink and water colors, and produced many wonderfully detained maps of Middle-earth. The pictures appear as covers to some editions of his works, and have been gathered into a book of their own (Rosebury 80-137). Tolkien used a great deal of symbolism in his books, most noticeable is the race of small manlike creatures know as Hobbits, which he uses to symbolize the people of England. Tolkien perceived his fellow Englishmen (and Hobbits) as a simple, comfort-loving people that were surprisingly strong and resilient in times of trouble. In many of his books, Hobbits played key roles as an unlikely hero who ends up making a big difference in the world (J.R.R. Tolkien 145- 146). Many people also believe that many of the events in The Lord of the Rings, symbolize people and places in World Wars I and II, but Tolkien denies ever intentional doing so (Rosebury 80-137). When approa ched with similar questions about Middle-earth, Tolkien does not answer as the author, but as a historian trying to recall events of a pass long forgotten. This attitude can be seen in the complimentary (preface, prologues, appendixes, etc.) in The Lord of the Rings as well as in several of published letters. After his death, his son Christopher, aided by the Canadian writer Guy Gavriel Kay, set out to edit many of Tolkiens earlier mythological works. The majority of Tolkiens works were not published until long after his death. The first to be published was the Simarillion, a very detailed work containing many of the myths and the rich history of Middle-earth. In the early 80s, Christopher compiled many of Tolkiens miscellaneous stories into a set of books called the Book of Lost Tales. The most recent addition to the Tolkien library is the History of Middle- earth series. This set of books is almost like a textbook of just the history of Middle-earth and includes many of Tolkiens notes, maps, sketches, and time lines on everything that occurred in Middle-earth, from the creation of the planet to its destruction (Moseley 18-79). .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .postImageUrl , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:visited , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:active { border:0!important; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:active , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ENDERS GAME EssayApart from the Middle-earth cannon of works, Tolkien has written a good many childrens books as well as an impressive collection of poetry. Tolkien has also used his linguistic skills to translate many books into English. Other published works are mainly composed of letters he sent to people explaining things about Middle-earth and several scholarly essays (Moseley 18-79). Tolkien never expected his works to achieve the popularity that they have, thinking that they would only be of interest to a select group of readers. Yet his vision of Middle-earth, rooted in his love of language and lore, touched the spirt of people the world over. His work has proved the inspiration for many other writers and artists, and set the foundation for the modern heroic fantasy genre (Moseley 18-79). BibliographyWorks Consulted Chance, Jane. The Lord of the Rings: The Mythology of Power. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992. J.R.R. Tolkien. Favorite Authors of Young Adult Fiction. Frank Schaffer Publications, n.d. 145-146. Moseley, Charles. J.R.R. Tolkien. Plymouth, UK: Northcote House Publishers, 1997. Rosebury, Brian. Tolkien: A Critical Assessment. New York: St. Martins Press, 1992. Smith, Daniel S. Cirth Font Help. Vers. 1.1 Jan. 1999 Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000. 18 March 2000. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Fellowship of the Ring. Lord of the Rings. 1. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . The Hobbit. Rev. ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982. . The Return of the King. Lord of the Rings. 3. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . The Shaping of Middle-Earth. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995. . The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. New York: Ballantine Books, 1979. . The Two Towers. Lord of the Rings. 2. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . Unfinished Tales of N?menor and Middle-Earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien, New York: Ballantine Books, 1988. War in Middle-Earth. Map. Irvan: Melbourn House, n.d. Biographies