Avalade XXI case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Avalade XXI contextual investigation - Essay Example When building up an undertaking the executives plan, it is helpful to think about a portion of the dangers related with the usage, the normal advantages, and the mechanical arrangements offered (Wang, 2012). All the more explicitly, a basic gander at the faculty required as far as their aptitudes and ability to satisfy the targets of the undertaking, by what means will great execution by the workers be checked, and what measures have been built up to deal with any issues that may emerge with representative execution. Meag was an IT provider who had restricted involvement with executing huge frameworks. As indicated by Xu and Quaddus (2013) one of the elements that decides the effective usage of huge frameworks is the nearness of talented workers at various purposes of the execution plan. That is, a group of talented representatives who will deal with the usage procedure, to the workers who will execute the exercises of the execution plan. Meag and Casa XX1 should have a supervisory crew set up that would explicitly screen the execution of the arrangement, they would collaborate with the administrators of the arena, clients, and among one another. This would empower CASA XX1 to identify any issues that may emerge from the framework at the soonest point and make therapeutic move. The undertaking the board usage group must be exceptionally talented and have the information all in all framework and its usefulness. Meag and Casa XX1 ought to have recruited a group of able venture administrators who mi ght have stemmed the issue in time. The group would explicitly lias with framework engineers to educate them regarding the rising issue and composed with the designers in building up a quick reaction. Other than recruiting a group of exceptionally gifted and competent task directors, Meag and Casa XX1 should have built up an unmistakable hierarchical structure that would have set up a reasonable system that diagrams the obligations of every worker and the going with duties and the correspondence

Developing Hospitality properties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Creating Hospitality properties - Essay Example In this way, the promoting will comprise of standard mail, flag advertisements, and additions. Additionally, uncommon endeavors will be taken to guarantee the presence of exceptional articles about the eatery in papers and other wellbeing magazines. This is so on the grounds that it has been discovered that such articles can possibly draw in individuals effectively and persuade them. It has been discovered that cafés and different organizations which figure out how to have articles distributed in papers and magazines experience emotional development in business. Along these lines, individual connections will be used to accomplish this point. Allen Pasta Restaurant intends to offer its clients the best and most scrumptious pasta feast in the city. Likewise, this will be offered in the best and most satisfying atmosphere. Moreover, extraordinary consideration will be taken to guarantee that the clients are given a superior assistance than they foreseen (Marketing system, 2000). In this way, it becomes obvious that Allen’s clients are matured from 25-55, who are answerable for 62% of the all out utilization in the city of - . In spite of the fact that age doesn't involve significant concern, Allen’s clients will be youthful working individuals and families with a salary above $ 40,000. Another point is the expanding wellbeing awareness in the city. In this way, a significant extent of the clients will be the wellbeing cognizant eaters of the city who are happy to go through cash for good dieting choices. Allen Pasta Restaurant needs to situate itself as a normal evaluated, upscale, pasta eatery. The clients will be the ones who love quality and delicious pastas, wellbeing cognizant, taught people, gatherings, and families, as a rule inside the age of 25-50. Administration In request to guarantee that the clients are offered the best assistance involvement with the city, the representatives will be given uncommon preparing. Just quality workers will be sent. It is determined that better item alongside better assistance will enable the organization to beat its adversaries. The most significant

New Student Photo Entry #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Entry #4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following photos come from Jamal Haider, incoming MIA student. Photo Taken at: Sigiriya Rock Fort in Sri Lanka Description: This picture was taken at the Sigiriya Rock Fort in Sri Lanka during my visit to the country in March 2008. The Fort was built by King Kashypa around 1650 years back. The entrance to the upper part of the fort was constructed to look like a lions head. The king actually went into the lions mouth to get to his personal quarters. The massive paws you see is what is left of the construction now. Photo Taken at: Yogyakarta, Indonesia Description: An Indonesian fisherman fishing for crustacians, shrimps and little fish to sell at the local market. The net and a bucket is all that they use to catch fish in these rough waters. Photo Taken at: Ghorra Gali, Pakistan Description: The picture was taken in a remote village of Ghorra Gali in the Murree District of Pakistan while I was hiking from Ghorra Gali to Islamabad with the Asian Study Group. The total distance was 28 km and it took us 8 hours to complete. This little lady was sitting on the road playing with rocks. She seems unhappy with the passing strangers as none of them brought any sweets or treats for the kids.

The Main Element Of The Philosophy Of Right - 897 Words

Although the Element of the Philosophy of Right is described as political philosophy, the text’s primary concept is freedom. Hegel’s dominant claim is that free will is the only way in which right is pertinent to philosophical science. He describes will as the ability to convey concepts into existence. The will exists solely when an action is brought forward and only in those who are self-conscious. The origin of right is crafted by the free will that expresses freedom, which Hegel states is the goal of right. Hegel affirms that the will is free. â€Å"When the will has universality, or itself as infinite form, as its content, object [Gegenstand], and end, it is free not only it itself but also for itself- it is the Idea in its truth.† (Hegel†¦show more content†¦He proves this by stating, â€Å"the will s subjective being-for-itself and its being-in-itself, or between its exclusive and resolving individuality [on the one hand] and its universality itse lf† (Hegel 1991:24) Hegel is proposing that the natural will is only free in its concept due to the fact that it has not yet fully comprehended its freedom. Hegel disagrees with some of Kant’s ideas regarding morality and social institutions. Hegel believes that our right is depended on rational institutions and that people cannot fathom maximal freedom due to the confusion of how it is truly achieved, while Kant thinks that the construction of social institution ought to maximize personal freedom under the universal law. This can be shown as Hegel writes, â€Å"Arbitrariness may indeed be called a delusion if it is supposed to be equivalent to freedom. In all as in that of Kant and subsequently in Fries s utterly superficial revision of it, freedom is nothing other than this formal self-activity† (Hegel 1991:15) Hegel’s argument for property is that every person has the right to property and therefore ought to respect the property of others. He refers to a contract with the other person will and comprehension of freedom. This contractShow MoreRelatedPlato and Platipus1186 Words   |  5 PagesIt is normal to underestimate the power of philosophy. It is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science with the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because manyRead MoreMarketing Management Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesefficiency, for example, the speed of delivery and the quality control of the business. This concept is mainly focused internally and not fo cused upon the customer and their needs. The selling concept again is focused on the internal business. The main features of this concept are, large-scale selling and promotional effort with heavy selling techniques and the aim to sell what is made, rather than making what the consumer wants or demands. It has a very short-term focus; it doesn’t consider theRead MoreJustice Is The Legal Or Philosophical Theory Of Justice1503 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul. 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The styles and models of this book did a great job of laying out the philosophies of leadership and how to become successful in the business world. Beginning with the aspects of leadership verse management, Simpson elaborates on the importance of being a leader and the differences that positions hold when being a manger. FurthermoreRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish philosopher, conditional defender of monarchy as the source of civic order (Explorations, 2014).Three philosophers in particular being Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were the key thinkers within the philosophy of social justice, influencing the main idea of a social contract based on their theories, they suggest that the whole of society have been produced by a general social agreement, social contract, this outlines our responsibilities as citizens our obligations to obeyRead MoreLife Without Laws And Regulations Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesLife w ithout laws and regulations would be a world that consists of chaos amongst societies and unfairness, human rights would be affected and our freedom would depend on the authorities of governments. Does this take away our rights based on the State of nature? The social contract would introduce and maintain a controlled society in which protects people’s rights to life, liberty and protection of ones property. John Rawls a modern philosopher carries on the social contract tradition alongsideRead MoreEssay on Philosophy1146 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy Philosophy started when human beings started to ask questions, about how and what things are actually, due to curiosity. The things that caused these questions to come about were the people started to realize that everything isn’t exactly what it appears to be. Philosophy started in the town of Miletus, many early philosophers came from here. The philosophers started their work around 585 B.C. Thales, one of the early Miletus philosophers, left no writings behind, all we know

The Very Ideal Of Peace Within Political Rule - 1457 Words

The very ideal of peace within political rule is a relatively simple one. Under a rule of peace, denizens of the state can live without a fear of bloodshed or other unsavory incidents. The more complicated question arises when one considers how this manner of rule could possibly be established. After all, it is human nature to fight and war over pretty much any provocation. How then is it possible for a ruler to establish a state that will maintain peace? In the pursuit of peace for a state, brutality must sometimes be employed in the short term in order to achieve a lasting peace in the long term. Machiavelli had it right when he wrote that in order to be a good ruler, one must not necessarily be a good man. (Klosko 2012 In the first place, people are not good. They will act only in accordance with whatever will best suit their needs. It is human nature to act first and foremost with one’s self interest in mind regardless of what would provide a benefit to the state. This is why a ruler who acts in a good manner to those he rules and expects to only receive the same in return is only fooling himself while also putting the safety and peace of his state in harm’s way. (Klosko 2012) In the words of Machiavelli, â€Å"†¦for a man who wishes to act entirely up to his professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much that is evil.† (Machiavelli 2006, Chap XV) In this, Machiavelli reinforces the idea that due to the nature of man, it is important for a ruler to notShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is The Best Political System1670 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand what democracy involves such as a system of rule by the poor or disadvantaged or a society that is based on equal opportunity and individual merit rather than hierarchy or privilege (Heywood, 2013; p.89) . Whether democracy is the best political system for everyone is still very debatable. 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Ethics on Smoking Industry Free Essays

INTRODUCTION: Ethics occupy an important place in today’s modern business world. Every organization makes use of ethics to make day-today decisions and fulfill societal expectations. This essay brings to light ethical and social responsibility that every individual and company should follow in order to become better citizens for society. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics on Smoking Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essay presents analysis based on real case of Philip Morris, a tobacco company in U. S. A versus Mayola – a widow, who took legal action against company for her husband’s death due to smoking. Essay draws balanced argument based on evidences about unethical behavior of tobacco company and smokers personal responsibilities for their actions. We have used Ethical decision-making model of Lagenderfer and Rockness to frame our analysis. ETHICS BUSINESS Ethics in simple terms means set of moral principles or list of rules, which can determine whether particular action undertaken is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. All the activities undertaken by society are based on ethics. Ethics can be personal as well as professional. Personal ethics are based on individual’s values, beliefs, attitudes and actions while business ethics are based on certain principles or code of conduct to guide individual or a group in accordance with societal expectations. Business ethics can be defined as â€Å"study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right or wrong are addressed†(Crane, A Matten ,D, 2007,P. 5). Thus, ethics helps in making decision and is a key for solving problems. Today, society is facing considerable increase in number of ethical issues such as fraud, exploitation, misleading advertisement and increasing pollution. Birt, Chalmers, Beal, Brooks, Byrne, Oliver, 2008, P. 65). CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY It is essential for every organization to undertake corporate social responsibility along with its goals and objectives. According to (Birt et al. , 2008, p. 70) Corporate social responsibility can be referred to responsibility that an entity has to all its stakeho lders, including society in general and physical environment in which it operates. There are many companies, which lack sense of corporate social responsibility and acts against interest of society. RELEVANT FACTS DETERMINED UNDER CASE: Today, business is giving rise to numerous ethical issues, as many companies are involved in exploiting its customers, selling harmful products in markets, false marketing of products and increasing environmental and health issues. Many tobacco companies like Phillip Morris are selling harmful and addictive products like cigarettes that cause serious diseases like lung cancer and heart attack. Analysis of Phillip Morris v. Mayola, Williams case brings down certain relevant facts that give rise to ethical issues. Mayola took a legal action on Philip Morris on the grounds of false and misleading advertisement and marketing undertaken by company for its products. It is fact that Philip Morris knew that tobacco was harmful for health still he advertised his product as non-addictive and safe and Williams death was caused by smoking. Second, fact is that Philip Morris appealed solely against damages that company had to pay to other smokers who did not bring any actions against court. Their appeal was only based on excessive damages that company was supposed to pay to strangers. This clearly indicates that he is very well aware of harms caused by his cigarettes to smokers and did not appeal on the grounds that his products were safe and less addictive. It is also relevant fact that Supreme Court made decision in favor of Philip Morris that company is not liable to pay excessive damages to Ms Williams on the grounds that damages were proper under Oregon statute but was excessive under federal constitution (BBC article, 20 Feb, 2007). This indicates that ethical laws are still complex and not clearly stated under constitution. ETHICAL DILEMMAS FOR BOTH SMOKERS AND COMPANY: Ethical dilemma arises when there is a situation with conflict of interest. We have built certain arguments based on ethical dilemmas from perspective of both smoker and company. We have constructed evidence-based arguments on unethical behavior by Philip Morris Company, which includes major ethical issues, such are selling harmful products, misleading and false advertisement, acting against societal expectations and caring out unethical business practice. Company is involved in producing and selling harmful tobacco products that contains high amount of nicotine, are addictive, and can cause serious health issues such as lung cancer and heart attack. Company acts unethically by encouraging people to smoke and their conflict of interest with societal ethical standards and expectations. According to (Janine and Ruth, 2008) company prevents old smokers from quitting and targets young people and children. Company adopts new and innovative marketing approaches to promote its products like direct mail advertising and sending coupons with discounts. Low tar† cigarettes were developed in response to the health concerns of older smokers in 1970, but experts found them no advantageous to health and did not help smokers to quit. Company lacks in corporate social responsibility as they perform activities that are against interest of society in general and physical environment in which it operates. Company undertakes massive fraud by acting d ishonestly having financial motive in mind. Company is involved in false advertisement indicating their products to be less addictive, more filtered and safe. According to ( Rosner, 2006, P. 193-196) company tries to create illusion by sponsoring cigarette cessation programmes and try to make society believe that they act in ethical way, but their real motive behind it is to promote company’s goal of selling cigarettes and meet their financial interests . Their misleading marketing activities makes lots of people to go for smoking. Philip Morris promised to shut down instantly if their cigarettes were found to be harmful but has failed to keep its promise, which gives rise to ethical dilemma. According to (David Silva, 2004, p. 9-22) Company uses their political and economic influence to create an environment that encourages continued consumption of cigarettes. Company is accused of political lobbying. They lobby legislators and officials in finance ministry in order to keep tobacco prices low and thus encouraging people to smoke. Philip Morris was after minimizing total tax burden on cigarettes in order to keep smoking affordable. Article in Ethical Corporation magazine (2004) states that company declares itself responsible and argues that there is increasing demand for cigarettes by customers and if they stop selling it, someone else will take their position. Company tried to safeguard themselves on the grounds that they are selling legal products, which are not banned by government and are acting in ethical way by warning its customers against dangers associated with smoking. Thus, company gives rise to ethical dilemmas as it has an intension to make huge profits by selling harmful products that are responsible for death of millions of people and still trying to gain creditability as responsible company. From perspective of smokers in general, they give rise to ethical issues by consuming harmful products that are not ethically accepted by society and do not take warnings given by companies and government seriously. It is unethical to blame companies solely responsible for damages caused to them and bring their own actions against company. Their behavior can give rise to ethical dilemmas as their actions have a deep impact on their children and makes smoking more desirable for their kids in future. They also lack in personal and social responsibility by giving rise to health issues and environmental concerns for society in general. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that tobacco is one the world’s greatest preventable health problems. According to our analysis, we came to a balanced conclusion that smokers should take responsibility for their actions and companies should behave ethically by making its customers fully aware about the dangers of smoking. It is very essential to undertake combined ethical and social responsibility by both smokers and tobacco companies to avoid millions of deaths due to smoking and to act in favor of societal expectations. Tobacco companies should stop giving misleading advertisement and marketing activities, which indicates their products to be safe and less addictive. They should stop encouraging consumption of tobacco among young and old and should ban children from its consumption. It is the responsibility of companies to support smoking cessation programs and help smokers to quit not just for sake of creating illusion but also to act in favor of societies interest in general and to build better image in society. Company should change their unethical business practices of creating massive fraud to fulfill its financial motive and provide support to government activities that help smokers to quit. Smokers should follow their personal ethics and should take responsibility for smoking. They should take warnings given by tobacco companies and government to quit smoking seriously. They can search on internet for more information or consult doctor to improve heir knowledge about serious health issues caused by smoking. Smokers should not escape from their personal and social responsibilities towards society and their families. It is unethical to bring their own action against company and solely blame company for health issues caused by smoking. It is moral duty and responsibility of every citizen to bear risk associated with their actions. It is responsibility of government to take care of its citizens and find solutions for their health relating issues. We believe that Political parties should not accept any funds from Tobacco Company for their campaign and government should ban any kind of commercial ads for cigarettes in magazine, newspapers or on television. Government should support smoking cessation programs and quitting and should be alert if tobacco company provides any support as they may mislead government by doing indirect advertising for their products. We recommend that there should be strict tobacco control strategy that restricts consumption of all tobacco products. Thus we conclude that it is ethical, moral and social responsibility for smokers, tobacco companies and government to stop consumption and selling of harmful products for betterment of society and environmental concerns. REFERANCE )Birt, J. ,Chalmers, K. ,Beal, D. , Brooks, A. , Byrne, S. , Oliver, J. (2008). Accounting: Business Reporting for Decision Making. (2nd ed). John Wiley Sons: Milton, Old. 2)Crane, A. , Matten, D. (2007). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship Sustainability in Age of Globalization. (2ND ed). Oxford University Press: New York. 3)David, A. , Silva,V. ( 2004). Building Blocks for Tobacco Control: a handbook tools for advancing t obacco control in xxist century. Publisher World Health Organization: Geneva 4)Rosner, F. (2006). Contemporary Biomedical Ethical Issues and Jewish Laws. KTAV Publishing House: New Jersey 5)Janine, C. , Ruth, M. (2008). False Promises: Journal of American Geriatrics, 56(9), p1716-1723, 8p, 1 chart retrieved on 5/ 09/2009 from Academic Search Premier Database. 6)Tobacco firm wins payout appeal: BBC news article https://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/business/6379767. stm retrieved on 6/9/2009. 7)Philip Morris executive declares his company ‘Responsible’: Article from Ethical Corporation Magazine: http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=2345 retrieved on 8/09/2009. How to cite Ethics on Smoking Industry, Essays

Tolkien Historian Of Middle

Tolkien: Historian Of Middle-Earth Essay John Ronald Reuel Tolkien is remembered for his imaginative writings and the lasting creation of Middle-earth world. However, he was also a great scholar and linguist, holding the position of the Rawlingson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University. His writings owe much of its power to his ocean of knowledge about European languages and a deep understanding and appreciation of the art of storytelling and myths. His books have been translated into twenty-four languages and many millions of copies have been sold worldwide (Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel). Tolkien was born in the Orange Free State, in what is now South Africa, on January 3, 1892. However, his mother brought him home to England when he was four, and after his fathers death his family made their home in rural Sarehole, then on the edge of the industrial city, Brimingham (Rosebury 80-137). When Tolkien was only twelve, his mother passed away, leaving him and his brother in the care of Father Francis Xavier Morgan. Father Morgan was a very strong moral influence on young Tolkien and provided him with loving support though to his years in college (J.R.R. Tolkien 145-146). Tolkien received a very good high school education at King Edward VI School, one of the finest schools in England at the time. From there he went up to Oxford, where he studied English at Exeter College, gaining him first class honors (Rosebury 80-137). At the age of twenty-one, Tolkien proposed to his childhood sweetheart, Edith Bratt, although it was against the wishes of Father Morgan, who objected to him marring someone three years older than himself (J.R.R. Tolkien 145-146). However, the two were unable to web for a few years because Tolkien was drafted to fight in World War I. During the war he served in the Lancashire Fusiliers as an officer, and survived the Somme, though many of his close frien ds and colleagues died (Rosebury 80- 137). His respect for the common solder under the great stress of war shows through in his later writings, where the Hobbits show strength in Mordor, previously unseen by themselves or others (Tolkien, The Return 191-262). We will write a custom essay on Tolkien: Historian Of Middle-Earth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the war he got a job, working at the New English Dictionary, but in 1920 he was appointed reader in English at Leeds University. Four years later he was promoted to Professor, which is the highest academic rank in British universities (Moseley 18-79). It was this time that he started writing. At this stage he thought of his tales as being a new mythology for England. These early works, which laid the basis for his later works, are now published as The Book of Lost Tales(Rosebury 80-137). In 1925 he was elected to the Professorship at Oxford. There he specialized in Philology, the study of words, and was among the most accomplished scholars in his field (Rosebury 80- 137). His love of words led him to work on a series of languages for the Elves of Middle-earth. Though out his lifetime this obsession drove him to produce fourteen languages and he also showed how these languages developed over the course of history of Middle-earth (Chance 7-13). Tolkien said that the one of the first alphabets, called Tengwar, became very popular because it was a very flexible writing system that was easily adapted by the many different races of Middle-earth for use with their languages. The main flaw of this language was that it was very difficult to inscribe onto metal, stone or wood. This led to the creation of Cirth, a similar alphabet but with simpler characters made with strait lines. Tolkien often signed his work with }@O8bael/u} , which translates into his name (Smith Vers. 1.1) . .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .postImageUrl , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:visited , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:active { border:0!important; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:active , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Educational Psychology EssayOver the course of the next few years Tolkien wrote four books for each of his four children. Of these, The Hobbit is the best known and was eventually published in 1937. Stanley Unwin, the publisher asked for a sequel but Tolkien was skeptical of a sequels success (Chance 7-13). He felt as if his work would only be enjoyed by a small minority and was surprised with his previous success. Once he began though he became very involved with the book. Unfortunately World War II intervened, and slowed the process down considerably, taking a total of twelve years to complete. The book blossomed into more than a sequel, being not a bok for children, but a great saga for adults, The Lord of the Rings(Rosebury 80-137). At the time of its first publication the book received mixed reviews. It was not until the late 60s and early 70s that Tolkiens popularity increased dramatically with the official release of the Lord of the Rings in the United States. During this time, there was an international emergence of Tolkien cults, which unfortunately delayed Tolkiens entry into the canon of twentieth-century writers (Chance 7-13). Tolkien retired shortly after the publication of this work, and left Oxford for the coastal resort of Bournemouth, but when his wife, Edith, died he returned to Oxford to be with the rest of his family. He himself died two years later on the 2nd of September 1973, at the age of eighty- one. He was buried alongside his wife in an Oxford cemetery, under their real names and the names of two lovers he had created, Beren and Luthien (Moseley 18-79). Although Tolkiens vison was mainly channeled into his writings, he also drew many pictures and sketches, both in ink and water colors, and produced many wonderfully detained maps of Middle-earth. The pictures appear as covers to some editions of his works, and have been gathered into a book of their own (Rosebury 80-137). Tolkien used a great deal of symbolism in his books, most noticeable is the race of small manlike creatures know as Hobbits, which he uses to symbolize the people of England. Tolkien perceived his fellow Englishmen (and Hobbits) as a simple, comfort-loving people that were surprisingly strong and resilient in times of trouble. In many of his books, Hobbits played key roles as an unlikely hero who ends up making a big difference in the world (J.R.R. Tolkien 145- 146). Many people also believe that many of the events in The Lord of the Rings, symbolize people and places in World Wars I and II, but Tolkien denies ever intentional doing so (Rosebury 80-137). When approa ched with similar questions about Middle-earth, Tolkien does not answer as the author, but as a historian trying to recall events of a pass long forgotten. This attitude can be seen in the complimentary (preface, prologues, appendixes, etc.) in The Lord of the Rings as well as in several of published letters. After his death, his son Christopher, aided by the Canadian writer Guy Gavriel Kay, set out to edit many of Tolkiens earlier mythological works. The majority of Tolkiens works were not published until long after his death. The first to be published was the Simarillion, a very detailed work containing many of the myths and the rich history of Middle-earth. In the early 80s, Christopher compiled many of Tolkiens miscellaneous stories into a set of books called the Book of Lost Tales. The most recent addition to the Tolkien library is the History of Middle- earth series. This set of books is almost like a textbook of just the history of Middle-earth and includes many of Tolkiens notes, maps, sketches, and time lines on everything that occurred in Middle-earth, from the creation of the planet to its destruction (Moseley 18-79). .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .postImageUrl , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:visited , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:active { border:0!important; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:active , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ENDERS GAME EssayApart from the Middle-earth cannon of works, Tolkien has written a good many childrens books as well as an impressive collection of poetry. Tolkien has also used his linguistic skills to translate many books into English. Other published works are mainly composed of letters he sent to people explaining things about Middle-earth and several scholarly essays (Moseley 18-79). Tolkien never expected his works to achieve the popularity that they have, thinking that they would only be of interest to a select group of readers. Yet his vision of Middle-earth, rooted in his love of language and lore, touched the spirt of people the world over. His work has proved the inspiration for many other writers and artists, and set the foundation for the modern heroic fantasy genre (Moseley 18-79). BibliographyWorks Consulted Chance, Jane. The Lord of the Rings: The Mythology of Power. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992. J.R.R. Tolkien. Favorite Authors of Young Adult Fiction. Frank Schaffer Publications, n.d. 145-146. Moseley, Charles. J.R.R. Tolkien. Plymouth, UK: Northcote House Publishers, 1997. Rosebury, Brian. Tolkien: A Critical Assessment. New York: St. Martins Press, 1992. Smith, Daniel S. Cirth Font Help. Vers. 1.1 Jan. 1999 Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000. 18 March 2000. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Fellowship of the Ring. Lord of the Rings. 1. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . The Hobbit. Rev. ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982. . The Return of the King. Lord of the Rings. 3. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . The Shaping of Middle-Earth. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995. . The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. New York: Ballantine Books, 1979. . The Two Towers. Lord of the Rings. 2. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . Unfinished Tales of N?menor and Middle-Earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien, New York: Ballantine Books, 1988. War in Middle-Earth. Map. Irvan: Melbourn House, n.d. Biographies

Free Essays on The Little Black Bloy, By William Blake

Experience through Innocence in â€Å"The Little Black Boy† William Blake’s â€Å"A Little Black Boy† was written at a time in English history when the slave trade was important to the countries economic strengths and anti-slavery sentiment was growing. The poem expresses innocence lost and the impact of life’s experience on a young black boy. The poem begins with the black boy lamenting the fact that he sees himself as being without light and sees the white boy as an angel. The black boy questions his mother as to why his skin is not white. Her reply in a form of protection transforms the black boy’s thoughts and he begins to see himself as being superior to the white boy. This is in direct contrast with the image of the white English child. The poem continues with the child’s mother assuring the child that he falls under God’s light as all God’s creatures do. Due to slavery the little black boy notices a difference in skin tone. He doesn’t see whites and blacks as equals; he knows that there is clearly an inequality among the races. In the first stanza, the difference is shown were the white boy is thought to be an angel. He is white because he is pure. On the other hand, the black boy sees himself as being mourned of light. The fact that he recognizes that he is different detracts from his innocence and weaves in the way life impacts his perception of himself. The black boy then questions his mother as to why his skin is different. In the mother’s teaching she is trying to protect the little black boy. In doing this she says that his black skin is a form of protection. And that he will shade the white boy as a cloud from the sun. The sun being an image of God is good and provides heat, light, and comfort allowing things to grow but also at the same time the sun can burn you. The mother also tells the black boy that his skin color also shows that he is closer to God because God chose him to bear ... Free Essays on The Little Black Bloy, By William Blake Free Essays on The Little Black Bloy, By William Blake Experience through Innocence in â€Å"The Little Black Boy† William Blake’s â€Å"A Little Black Boy† was written at a time in English history when the slave trade was important to the countries economic strengths and anti-slavery sentiment was growing. The poem expresses innocence lost and the impact of life’s experience on a young black boy. The poem begins with the black boy lamenting the fact that he sees himself as being without light and sees the white boy as an angel. The black boy questions his mother as to why his skin is not white. Her reply in a form of protection transforms the black boy’s thoughts and he begins to see himself as being superior to the white boy. This is in direct contrast with the image of the white English child. The poem continues with the child’s mother assuring the child that he falls under God’s light as all God’s creatures do. Due to slavery the little black boy notices a difference in skin tone. He doesn’t see whites and blacks as equals; he knows that there is clearly an inequality among the races. In the first stanza, the difference is shown were the white boy is thought to be an angel. He is white because he is pure. On the other hand, the black boy sees himself as being mourned of light. The fact that he recognizes that he is different detracts from his innocence and weaves in the way life impacts his perception of himself. The black boy then questions his mother as to why his skin is different. In the mother’s teaching she is trying to protect the little black boy. In doing this she says that his black skin is a form of protection. And that he will shade the white boy as a cloud from the sun. The sun being an image of God is good and provides heat, light, and comfort allowing things to grow but also at the same time the sun can burn you. The mother also tells the black boy that his skin color also shows that he is closer to God because God chose him to bear ...

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or opinion that you present. First, youll need to choose a side on a controversial topic, then you will write a speech to explain your position, and convince the audience to agree with you. You can produce an effective persuasive speech if you structure your argument as a solution to a problem. Your first job as a speaker is to convince your audience that a particular problem is important to them, and then you must convince them that you have the solution to make things better. Note: You dont have to address a real problem. Any need can work as the problem. For example, you could consider the lack of a pet, the need to wash ones hands, or the need to pick a particular sport to play as the problem. As an example, lets imagine that you have chosen Getting Up Early as your persuasion topic. Your goal will be to persuade classmates to get themselves out of bed an hour earlier every morning. In this instance, the problem could be summed up as morning chaos. A standard speech format has an introduction with a great hook statement, three main points, and a summary. Your persuasive speech will be a tailored version of this format. Before you write the text of your speech, you should sketch an outline that includes your hook statement and three main points. Writing the Text The introduction of your speech must be compelling because your audience will make up their minds within a few minutes whether or not they are interested in your topic. Before you write the full body you should come up with a greeting. Your greeting can be as simple as Good morning everyone. My name is Frank. After your greeting, you will offer a hook to capture attention. A hook sentence for the morning chaos speech could be a question: How many times have you been late for school?Does your day begin with shouts and arguments?Have you ever missed the bus? Or your hook could be a statistic or surprising statement: More than 50 percent of high school students skip breakfast because they just dont have time to eat.Tardy kids drop out of school more often than punctual kids. Once you have the attention of your audience, follow through to define the topic/problem and introduce your solution. Heres an example of what you might have so far: Good afternoon, class. Some of you know me, but some of you may not. My name is Frank Godfrey, and I have a question for you. Does your day begin with shouts and arguments? Do you go to school in a bad mood because youve been yelled at, or because you argued with your parent? The chaos you experience in the morning can bring you down and affect your performance at school. Add the solution: You can improve your mood and your school performance by adding more time to your morning schedule. You can accomplish this by setting your alarm clock to go off one hour earlier. Your next task will be to write the body, which will contain the three main points youve come up with to argue your position. Each point will be followed by supporting evidence or anecdotes, and each body paragraph will need to end with a transition statement that leads to the next segment. Here is a sample of three main statements: Bad moods caused by morning chaos will affect your workday performance.If you skip breakfast to buy time, youre making a harmful health decision.(Ending on a cheerful note) Youll enjoy a boost to your self-esteem when you reduce the morning chaos. After you write three body paragraphs with strong transition statements that make your speech flow, you are ready to work on your summary. Your summary will re-emphasize your argument and restate your points in slightly different language. This can be a little tricky. You dont want to sound repetitive but will need to repeat what you have said. Find a way to reword the same main points. Finally, you must make sure to write a clear final sentence or passage to keep yourself from stammering at the end or fading off in an awkward moment. A few examples of graceful exits: We all like to sleep. Its hard to get up some mornings, but rest assured that the reward is well worth the effort.If you follow these guidelines and make the effort to get up a little bit earlier every day, youll reap rewards in your home life and on your report card. Tips for Writing Your Speech Dont be confrontational in your argument. You dont need to put down the other side; just convince your audience that your position is correct by using positive assertions.Use simple statistics. Dont overwhelm your audience with confusing numbers.Dont complicate your speech by going outside the standard three points format. While it might seem simplistic, it is a tried and true method for presenting to an audience who is listening as opposed to reading.

Smart grid Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Smart grid - Research Paper Example Basically the smart grid is a set of technology that people are utilizing to get efficient electricity delivery systems into the current era of technology, by making use of information technology supported remote control and automation. Additionally, collaborative communication mode is used to make possible the computer processing that has been employed for decades in a number of other sectors. At the present, these technologies are being used on electricity networks, from wind farms all the way to the consumers of electricity in homes, the power plants and businesses. In fact, they present a wide variety of advantages and opportunities for services and end users and the majority of them are observed in huge improvements in energy effectiveness on the electricity network and in the energy users’ offices and homes. In this scenario, the term â€Å"grid† refers to the electricity networks that are used to transport electricity from the power plants where it is actually pr oduced for the end-users. Additionally, the grid encompasses a number of components such as substations, wires, switches, transformers, and much more. In short, the "smart grid" refers to an up-to-the-minute electrical power system that is demonstrated by the augmented consumption of information and communications technology in the current era, distribution and utilization of electrical energy (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012; IEEE, 2012). Many researchers and scientists believe that it is an incredible and a high-wire act. However, there is need ensuring almost perfect balance between electric supply and electric demand in order to offer proper functionality. In addition, there are many people who work in these centers all around the United States and they are there 24 hours, seven days a week in an attempt to confirm that takes place, as well as their responsibility is to work on a minute-by-minute basis. In this scenario, the smart grids are very helpful in maintaining that balan ce (Koerth-Baker, 2012). (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012) define smart grids by comparing it with a â€Å"smart† phone as they are known as a phone having a computer in it, in the same way smart grid is the process of â€Å"computerizing† or automating the electric utility grid. Basically, it can be accomplished by incorporating mutual digital communication technology to devices linked with the grid. In this scenario, each device that is the part of the grid can be assigned sensors to collect data (such as voltage sensors, power meters, fault detectors, etc.), and the incorporation of mutual digital communication between the devices connected to the grid and the service center’s network operations. In addition, the most important function of the smart grid is to provide the automation technology that allows the service center regulate and manage each and every device that is the part of the network or even millions of devices from a central position (U.S. Depar tment of Energy, 2012). According to (LaMonica, 2009) to a greater extend smart grid works similar to the Internet and the throughway road system. For this reason, they are believed to be huge investments in communications. In addition, it is not only a function in fact it is an objective to provide the electricity system a digital revolution in an attempt to make it more well-organized and consistent. Moreover, many governments and utilities all the way through the globe are spending billions of dollars to put down new communication sources and lines and ensure the electricity network function similar the computer networks we normally use in our daily life. Furthermore, huge technology vendors and thousands of new organizations are struggling for distinction and reputation in the smart grid (LaMonica, 2009). Security

Witchcraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Witchcraft - Essay Example There are various cases in which this supernatural aid is usually invoked, to awaken the compassion of love that are desired, to compass the death of any obnoxious person, to call up a dead person, or to bring calamity upon rivals, enemies and opponents. Witchcraft has been done by numerous people in nearly all the periods of world’s history. The traditional belief is that not only of the dark ages but also the witches and wizards of the post-reformation times were addicted to such practices and they entered into a compact with the Satan, adjured Sacraments and the Christ, observed ‘the witches sabbath’; they paid divine honor to the ‘king of darkness’ and in return they got from him supernatural powers like harming their chosen victims, doing what they desire to, for instance, riding through the air on a broomstick, and willing to perform any service which is needed to fulfill their nefarious purposes. (Thurston, H. 1912) During the Middle Ages and even today at times, witchcraft is performed by witches as an act of healing and curing illnesses. These Witch-healers were at times the only general medical practitioners for people who had no facility of doctors and hospitals and were terribly affected with poverty and diseases. Even the church itself had very less to offer the suffering peasantry yet the Witches healers were even killed as well as accused of helping and healing. A witch-hunter puts it as: â€Å"For this must always be remembered, as a conclusion, that by witches we understand not only those which kill and torment, but all Diviners, Charmers, Jugglers, all Wizards, commonly called wise men and wise women†¦and in the same number we reckon all good witches, which do no hurt but good, which do not spoil and destroy, but save and deliver†¦It were a thousand times better for the land if all Witches, but specially the

Native American Oppression

Native American Oppression Whoever controls the past controls the future (George Orwell). Freedom; just what is freedom? Many think of freedom as having a choice. It is what the United States is supposedly founded on. But is it really? How many people actually have the freedom to know the oppression not through the eyes of the conqueror, but the conquered? History is not meant to be repeated, for it teaches us how to prevent. So why is it that we do not learn? The history of the Native Americans has never been a pretty one. Native Americans have suffered and have been oppressed like none other. What Columbus did to the Arawaks of the Bahamas, Cortes did to the Aztecs of Mexico, Pizarro to the Incas of Peru, and the English settlers of Virginia and Massachusetts to the Powhatans and the Pequots. Settlers were seeking religious and political freedom; during their quest they set their eyes on the new world. What is the point of freedom if one must subjugate others for it? The history of oppression, of the European invasion on the Indian settlements in the Americas begins five hundred years ago. That beginning is one of conquest, slavery, and death. When we read the history books given to children in the United States, it all starts with heroic adventure, one where there was no bloodshed, and Columbus Day is a celebration. Past the elementary and high schools, there are only occasional hints of something else, but only a hint. Samuel Eliot Morison in his popular book Christopher Columbus, Mariner, written in 1954, he tells about the enslavement and the killing: The cruel policy initiated by Columbus and pursued by his successors resulted in complete genocide. Samuel Eliot Morison did not lie about Christopher Columbus. But rather he mentioned the truth quickly and very subtly. On October 12, a sailor called Rodrigo saw the early morning moon shining on white sands, and cried out. It was an island in the Bahamas, the Caribbean Sea. The first man to sight land was to get a yearly pension of 10,000 maravedis for life, but Rodrigo never got it. Columbus claimed he had seen a light the evening before. He got the reward. So, approaching land, they were met by the Arawak Indians, who swam out to greet them. The Arawaks lived in village communes, had a developed agriculture of corn, yams, and cassava. They could spin and weave, but they had no horses or work animals. They had no iron, but they wore tiny gold ornaments in their ears. Arawak men and women full of wonder emerged from their villages onto the islands beaches and swam out to get a closer look at the strange big boat, the likes of which they had never before seen. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Arawaks ran to greet them, brought them food, water, gifts. He later wrote of this in his log: They brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everything they owned. They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features. They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane They would make fine servants. With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want. The gold ornaments would prove to have disastrous consequences as they would fuel the greed the Spanish had. Christopher Columbus ordered for some of them to be captured by force and sent on board the ships. The main goal behind this was information about the location of gold. On the way back the Native Americans died aboard the ship when the weather dropped. The Indians, Columbus reported, are so naive and so free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone. He concluded his report by asking for a little help from their Majesties, and in return he would bring them from his next voyage as much gold as they need and as many slaves as they ask. He was full of religious talk: Thus the eternal God, our Lord, gives victory to those who follow His way over apparent impossibilities. His second expedition was given seventeen ships and more than twelve hundred men. The aim was clear: slaves and gold. They went from island to island in the Caribbean, taking Indians as captives. But as word spread of the Europeans intent they found more and more empty villages. On Haiti, they found that the sailors left behind at Fort Navidad had been killed in a battle with the Indians, after they had roamed the island in gangs looking for gold, taking women and children as slaves for sex and labor. When there was a possibility of making a profit God had no room in Christopher Columbus mind. Columbus sent expedition after expedition into the interior. They found no gold fields, but had to fill up the ships returning to Spain with some kind of dividend. In the year 1495, they went on a great slave raid, rounded up fifteen hundred Arawak men, women, and children, put them in pens guarded by Spaniards and dogs, then picked the five hundred best specimens to load onto ships. Of those five hundred, two hundred died en route. The rest arrived alive in Spain and were put up for sale by the archdeacon of the town, who reported that, although the slaves were naked as the day they were born, they showed no more embarrassment than animals. Columbus later wrote: Let us in the name of the Holy Trinity go on sending all the slaves that can be sold. In the province of Cicao on Haiti, where he and his men imagined huge gold fields to exist, they ordered all persons fourteen years or older to collect a certain quantity of gold every three months. When they brought it, they were given copper tokens to hang around their necks. Indians found without a copper token had their hands cut off and bled to death. The Indians had been given an impossible task. The only gold around was bits of dust garnered from the streams. So they fled, were hunted down with dogs, and were killed. Trying to put together an army of resistance, the Arawaks faced Spaniards who had armor, muskets, swords, horses. When the Spaniards took prisoners they hanged them or burned them to death. Among the Arawaks, mass suicides began, with cassava poison. Infants were killed to save them from the Spaniards. In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the Indians on Haiti were dead. This was all in the name of the holy trinity, and ordered by Columbus. The Arawaks were not the only Indians to suffer at the hands of European forces. The Aztec civilization of Mexico came out of the heritage of Mayan, Zapotec, and Toltec cultures. It built enormous constructions from stone tools and human labor, developed a writing system and a priesthood. It also engaged in the ritual killing of thousands of people as sacrifices to the gods. The cruelty of the Aztecs, however, did not erase a certain innocence, and when a Spanish armada appeared at Vera Cruz, and a bearded white man came ashore, with strange beasts, clad in iron, it was thought that he was the legendary Aztec man-god, and so they welcomed him, with magnanimous hospitality. That was Hernando Cortes, sent from Spain, and blessed by the deputies of God, with one obsessive goal: to find gold. For God, for Glory, and Gold. (Cortez) In the mind of Montezuma, the king of the Aztecs, there must have been a certain doubt about whether Cortes was indeed Quetzalcoatl, because he sent a hundred runners to Cortes, bearing enormous treasures, gold and silver wrought into objects of fantastic beauty, but at the same time begging him to go back. Cortes then began his march of death from town to town, using deception, turning Aztec against Aztec, killing with the kind of deliberateness that accompanies a strategy-to paralyze the will of the population by a sudden frightful deed. And so, in Cholulu, he invited the headmen of the Cholula nation to the square. And when they came, with thousands of unarmed retainers, Cortess small army of Spaniards, posted around the square with cannon, armed with crossbows, mounted on horses, massacred them, down to the last man. Then they looted the city and moved on. When their cavalcade of murder was over they were in Mexico City, Montezuma was dead, and the Aztec civilization, shattered, was in the hands of the Spaniards. In Peru, the Spanish conquistador Pizarro, used the same tactics, and for the same reasons- the frenzy in the early capitalist states of Europe: for gold, slaves, and products of the soil. To pay the bondholders and stockholders of the expeditions: which in turn financed the monarchical bureaucracies rising in Western Europe. Also to spur the growth of the new money economy rising out of feudalism, and to participate in what Karl Marx would later call the primitive accumulation of capital. These were the violent beginnings of an intricate system of technology, business, politics, and culture that would dominate the world for the next five centuries. In the North American English colonies, the pattern was set early, as Columbus had set it in the islands of the Bahamas. In 1585, before there was any permanent English settlement in Virginia, Richard Grenville landed there with seven ships. The Indians he met were hospitable, but when one of them stole a small silver cup, Grenville sacked and burned the whole Indian village. Jamestown itself was set up inside the territory of an Indian confederacy, led by the chief, Powhatan. Powhatan watched the English settle on his peoples land, but did not attack, maintaining a posture of coolness. When the English were going through their starving time in the winter of 1610, some of them ran off to join the Indians, where they would at least be fed. When the summer came, the governor of the colony sent a messenger to ask Powhatan to return the runaways, whereupon Powhatan, according to the English account, replied with no other than proud and disdainful Answers. Some soldiers were therefore sent out to take Revenge. They fell upon an Indian settlement, killed fifteen or sixteen Indians, burned the houses, cut down the corn growing around the village, took the queen of the tribe and her children into boats, then ended up throwing the children overboard and shot out their Brains in the water. The queen was later taken off and stabbed to death. Twelve years later, the Indians, alarmed as the English settlements kept growing in numbers, apparently decided to try to wipe them out for good. They went on a rampage and massacred 347 men, women, and children. From then on it was total war. Not able to enslave the Indians, and not able to live with them, the English decided to exterminate them. Edmund Morgan writes, in his history of early Virginia, American Slavery, American Freedom: Since the Indians were better woodsmen than the English and virtually impossible to track down, the method was to feign peaceful intentions, let them settle down and plant their corn wherever they chose, and then, just before harvest, fall upon them, killing as many as possible and burning the corn Within two or three years of the massacre the English had avenged the deaths of that day many times over. The lies of American History are too many to tell. Christopher Columbus wasnt a hero but a murderer, and the pilgrims didnt have the fairy tale relation with the Indians. When the Pilgrims came to New England they too were coming not to vacant land but to territory inhabited by tribes of Indians. The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, created the excuse to take Indian land by declaring the area legally a vacuum. The Indians, he said, had not subdued the land, and therefore had only a natural right to it, but not a civil right. A natural right did not have legal standing. The Puritans also appealed to the Bible, Psalms 2:8: Ask of me, and I shall give thee, the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. And to justify their use of force to take the land, they cited Romans 13:2: Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. The Puritans lived in uneasy truce with the Pequot Indians, who occupied what is now southern Connecticut and Rhode Island. But they wanted them out of the way; they wanted their land. And they seemed to want also to establish their rule firmly over Connecticut settlers in that area. The murder of a white trader, Indian-kidnaper, and troublemaker became an excuse to make war on the Pequots in 1636. So, the war with the Pequots began. Massacres took place on both sides. The English developed a tactic of warfare used earlier by Cortes and later, in the twentieth century, even more systematically: deliberate attacks on noncombatants for the purpose of terrorizing the enemy. This is ethno historian Francis Jenningss interpretation of Captain John Masons attack on a Pequot village on the Mystic River near Long Island Sound: Mason proposed to avoid attacking Pequot warriors, which would have overtaxed his unseasoned, unreliable troops. Battle, as such, was not his purpose. Battle is only one of the ways to destroy an enemys will to fight. Massacre can accomplish the same end with less risk, and Mason had determined that massacre would be his objective. As Dr. Cotton Mather, Puritan theologian put it: It was supposed that no less than 600 Pequot souls were brought down to hell that day. The war continued. Indian tribes were used against one another, and never seemed able to join together in fighting the English. Jennings sums up: The terror was very real among the Indians, but in time they came to meditate upon its foundations. They drew three lessons from the Pequot War: First, that the Englishmens most solemn pledge would be broken whenever obligation conflicted with advantage; Second, that the English way of war had no limit of scruple or mercy; and third that weapons of Indian making were almost useless against weapons of European manufacture. These lessons the Indians took to heart. Was all this bloodshed and deceit-from Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro, and the Puritans-a necessity for the human race to progress from savagery to civilization? Was Morison right in burying the story of genocide inside a story of human progress? Perhaps a persuasive argument can be made-as it was made by Stalin when he killed peasants for industrial progress in the Soviet Union, as it was made by Churchill explaining the bombings of Dresden and Hamburg, and Truman explaining Hiroshima. But how can the judgment be made if the benefits and losses cannot be balanced because the losses are either unmentioned or mentioned quickly? To emphasize the heroism of Columbus and his successors as navigators and discoverers, and to de-emphasize their genocide, is not a technical necessity but an ideological choice. It is certainly the choice which most make. The easy acceptance of atrocities as a deplorable but necessary price to pay for progress (Hiroshima and Vietnam, to save Western civilization; Kronstadt and Hungary, to save socialism; nuclear proliferation, to save us all)-that is still with us. One reason these atrocities are still with us is that we have learned to bury them in a mass of other facts, as radioactive wastes are buried in containers in the earth. We have learned to give them exactly the same proportion of attention that teachers and writers often give them in the most respectable of classrooms and textbooks. This learned sense of moral proportion, coming from the apparent objectivity of the scholar, is accepted more easily than when it comes from politicians at press conferences. It is therefore m ore deadly. Not to mention more widespread. The treatment of heroes and their victims, and the quiet acceptance of conquest and murder in the name of progress, is only one aspect of a certain approach to history, in which the past is told from the point of view of governments, conquerors, diplomats, leaders. It is as if they, like Columbus, deserve universal acceptance, as if they-the Founding Fathers, Jackson, Lincoln, Wilson, Roosevelt, Kennedy, the leading members of Congress, the famous Justices of the Supreme Court-represent the nation as a whole. The pretense is that there really is such a thing as the United States, subject to occasional conflicts and quarrels, but fundamentally a community of people with common interests. It is as if there really is a national interest represented in the Constitution, in territorial expansion, in the laws passed by Congress, the decisions of the courts, the development of capitalism, the culture of education and the mass media. There is no justification for oppression and genocide. There can be no mission directly from God which destroys an entire culture. No legal document or moral law will ever be enough to justify it. While the people may die the rancor left behind wont perish. For it will be documented in history. The true history of the world is all of the peoples stories not just the conquerors. Whoever controls the past controls the future (George Orwell). A hunch backed bison. Proud and majestic. Now bowing. Arched over him, United States of America hangs above. Flip, reflect. A profile. A man with pride, feathers in his hair. Branded. 1936. The word liberty hangs in front of him. Taunting. He does not see it. His eyes are downcast. To notice it would be shortsighted. For what do he and his descendants know of liberty? Their relation with it is maintained with reservations. Primitive concentration camps. Ironic. Little remains today of the bison and the Indian. Confined to obverse and reverse. Looking past each other in opposite directions. To the air, the empty air. Dreaming of days, long gone, many moons ago. Works Cited Angelis, Gina De. Francisco Pizarro and the Conquest of Inca. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001. Bandelier, F. Hernando Cortà ©s. Catholic Encyclopedia. September 20, 2003. . Bowden, Thomas. The Enemies of Christopher Columbus: Answers to Critical Questions About the Spread of Western Civilization . : The Paper Tiger, 2003. Cortà ©s, Hernà ¡n, Marquà ©s Del Valle De Oaxaca. Britannica 2002 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. September 20, 2003 Crivelli, Camillus. Francisco Pizarro. Catholic Encyclopedia. September 23, 2003 . Fisher, Mark/Richardson, Kristi. Francisco Pizarro. Carpenoctem. 20 Sept. 2003 Fisher, Mark/Richardson, Kristi. Hernando Cortes. Carpenoctem. 20 Sept. 2003 Francisco, Michael. Cortes Speech. Escondido Tutorial Service. 20 Sept. 2003 . Gibson, Charles. Cortes, Hernando. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1997 Jennings, Francis. The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest. Ney York: Norton library, 1975. King James Version. Bible. Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto. London: , 1848. Orwell, George. Quote DB. . 20 Nov. 2009 . Pizarro, Francisco. Britannica 2002 Deluxe Edition CD-ROM. September 20, 2003 Powhatan Indian Tribe History . Access Genealogy. 20 Nov. 2009 .

Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages Essay

The problem which I will be looking at in this report is whether the energy drink, sport drink and vitamin-enhanced beverages are able to be sustainable in the beverage industry. Of the four companies to be discussed; will all of them still be around in 10 years? During the mid-2000’s these alternative beverages enjoyed rapid growth; they had premium prices and high profit margins that made them an important part in the lineup of their brands (Thompson, p. C-75). The strength of these companies had been growing strong but had a slight decline in recent years. SWOT for the Industry Strength: Product Expansion – many new products have been developed Distribution Channels – Can use convenience stores, grocery stores Able to deliver with carbonated soft drinks Weakness: Price is high compared to soft drinks Unhealthy ingredients Caffeine is not regulated – like in soft drink industry Opportunity: Consumer demand Supplier Channels – ingredients, cans, labels Product Innovation – provides differentiation Brand Loyalty – taste, image, energy boosting Brand building skills needed 2 oz. energy shots Threat: Economy Scientific evidence that some products are not healthy Effect people with heart arrhythmias and insomnia. Mix with alcohol Relaxed Drink Niche – abuse with prescription cough syrup As we look at this SWOT analysis of the alternative beverage industry we notice that there are some opportunities that they have created and are able to use in the future. Consumers’ choices are changing from the standard soft drink to alternative beverages. The key is to be sustainable by building up these products. The main opportunity to help with sustainability is to build brand loyalty. Try building up the knowledge and uses of your brands will help you gain the skills needed to continue building the brand. SWOT for PepsiCo Strength: Leads in US: Aquafina – mineral water Frappuccino – ready to drink coffee Tropicana – orange juice Gatorade – sports drinks Strong distribution Broad product line Weakness: Slow growth in Latin America and Japan Opportunity: Food division should expand internationally Threat: Coca Cola leading brand for carbonated drinks Living healthy awareness PepsiCo has grown to be a strong competitor in the global market of alternative beverages. This SWOT shows that they need to increase their growth in the markets of Japan and Latin America. As we discussed in the overall market they can learn how to increase their brand loyalty. SWOT for Coca Cola Strength: Leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor for non-alcoholic beverages Gaining distribution of new beverages such as Minute Maid, Dasani and Powerade Multi-year distribution agreement with Hansen Natural Corporation Weakness: Market share in alternative beverages Opportunity: New product development Introduction of existing brands into new country markets Threat: PepsiCo is slowly taking over the market with multi-line of beverages Increase trend in healthy living Globally they have been a top company in the beverage industry. They have been not as strong in the alternative beverage market. The experiences they have with the carbonated beverages can continue on with the new industry and increase their brand loyalty to the alternative side. The key is to expand their brands into the global market and make it sustainable. SWOT for Red Bull GmbH Strength: #1 seller of energy drinks Weakness: Lack of innovation Reliance on small product base Opportunity: Diversification of beverages to capture wider market opportunity Geographical expansion Threat: Other energy drinks such as Powerade and Gatorade Healthier drinks such as mineral water and juices Red Bull has been a leader in marketing of their product. This marketing prowess has made them the number one seller of energy drinks. I think that if they want to grow and be able to protect themselves from the big two they need to grab the opportunity to diversify into other alternative beverages. As they diversify they will expand into becoming a wider market. SWOT for Hansen Natural Corporation Strength: Monster Energy drinks propelled company sales in 2002 Monster Energy is second best-selling energy drink in USA Weakness: Brand name is not as familiar as the others Opportunity: Develop new products Threat: Competitors have bigger names in the industry. The Hansen Natural Corporation is in the earlier stages of development in this industry thus making them not as well-known as the others. They key that they have done is learned from Red Bull and market their product towards the younger male demographics. Building brand loyalty with the young males will help with the sustainability as that generation grows older they will continue to buy the product. Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position Rivalry among Existing Competitors: Beverage producers increased the market for alternative beverages by extending product lines and developing new products. Companies established consumer brand loyalty with an emphasis on advertising, sales promotions and endorsements. Switching costs are low for consumers. Rivalry among competitors is strong. Threat of New Entrants: The brands of: Coca Cola, PepsiCo, Red Bull, Hansen Natural have strong productdifferentiation & brand loyalty. Government policies are restrictive by the FDA regulations. Alternative beverage sellers need to have an efficient distribution system that can reach supermarkets and convenience stores. Threat of new entrants is weak. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Of the distributors; delis and restaurants had low switching costs from brand to brand, but also had less ability to negotiate for deep pricing discounts because of volume limitations. Consumers can obtain the products easily and are well-informed Buyers have stronger bargaining power. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: There are many supplier ingredients & are trying to sell the products. Some rare ingredients providers had an adequate amount of leverage in negotiations with energy drink producers. The producers are important customers of suppliers and they buy in large quantities Packaging is readily available from many suppliers. Suppliers are weaker. Threat of Substitute Products: There are many substitutes to alternative beverages such as tea, soft drinks, fruit juices, bottled water and tap water. Competitive pressure from substitute products is strong. As we look at the 5 forces I have decided that rivalry amongst the competitors is the strongest factor while the power of suppliers is weakest. New entrants are a weak force as the 2 big companies historical action is to purchase companies out when they get to be a nuisance in the market. The reason that suppliers have a low bargaining power is that if a company does not want to deal with you there is somebody else out there that is willing to take your place. The buyers (consumers) have a strong force because they are the ones who decide what they want to consume. It is easy to open up the door next to your product and grab the competitor’s product. The 2nd strongest force that I can see is the threat of substitute products. Just like the competitors; consumers have the option to pick a substitute beverage instead of your energy, sports or vitamin-enhanced drink. The reason I went with the rivalry is that we are talking about the sustainability of the market. Competition with fellow companies is healthy for a company and helps the products to grow compared to being the only option in the market. Choice for consumers creates the competition which helps make the whole market stronger. As the market become stable and has a consistent demand the companies will be able to expand their market. The generation that they have to market to be used to having product innovation and marketing innovation. â€Å"An ongoing stream of product innovations tends to alter the pattern of competition in an industry by attracting more first-time buyers, rejuvenating industry growth with concomitant effects on rivalry, entry threat, and buyer power (Thompson, p. 74)†. All of this helps with sustainability. Financial Analysis Net Income Changes | Pepsi – Co| Coca-Cola| Hansen| Between 2007-2008| -8. 9%| -2. 9%| -27. 7%| Between 2008-2009| 15. 7%| 17. 5%| 93. 2%| Between 2007 and 2009| 5. 4%| 14. 1%| 39. 7%| * All three companies had a bad change from 2007 to 2008. The economy at that time was at a low thus it does not mean that it was their fault. * Hansen had a big jump from 2008 to 2009 as they made an important transition of Monster Energy from a domestic North American brand into a truly international brand (Monster Beverage Corp. p. 3). They had a more reasonable change between 2007 and 2009. * Coke has a consistently higher level of net income with a more consistent change. * Pepsi-Co had a good change from 2008 to 2009. Gross Profit Margin | Pepsi – Co| Coca-Cola| Hansen| 2007| 54. 3%| 63. 9%| 51. 7%| 2008| 52. 9%| 64. 4%| 52. 1%| 2009| 53. 5%| 64. 2%| 53. 6%| * Shows a consistent percentage that the revenues can cover the expenses and are able to create a profit. | * The companies are consistent in their ability to achieve that margin. Coke has the highest percentage. | * They appear to have a good handle on covering their expenses with their revenues. | | Operating Profit Margin| | | | | Pepsi – Co| Coca-Cola| Hansen| 2007| 18. 2%| 25. 1%| 22. 5%| 2008| 16. 1%| 26. 4%| 13. 8%| 2009| 18. 6%| 26. 6%| 25. 8%| * Shows how much profit is earned on sales before paying interest charges and taxes. | | * The companies are consistent again with Hansen having a low year in 2008 but close with Coke. | * Coke was the consistent high company. | | | | | | | Net Profit Margin| | | | | Pepsi – Co| Coca-Cola| Hansen| 2007| 14. 4%| 20. 7%| 14. 6%| 2008| 11. 9%| 18. 2%| 9. 1%| 2009| 13. 8%| 22. 0%| 15. 9%| * A high net profit margin indicates a more profitable company that has better control over its costs compared to its competitors. * Coca-Cola is the higher ratio company with a consistent ratio that grew from 2007 to 2009. The other 2 companies are close in percentages and are lower than Coca-Cola. This shows that Coca-Cola is more profitable than the other two companies. Alternatives: * Coca Cola to improve. * Red Bull to improve * Hansen Natural to improve * PepsiCo to improve * Continue running the same Discussion of the Alternatives: Coca Cola One of the keys to help be sustainable is being innovative and building up a good image; this will help to recapture the market share lost in the energy drink market. Coca Cola should also try to create more rapid growth in vitamin-enhanced beverages and also by creating an â€Å"energy shots† product. Globally they can strengthen alternative beverage sales in Asia and their lack of competitiveness in European market. Coca Cola can use a combination of new flavors and formulations, line extensions, and brands; they can increase sales of the alternative beverages internationally by building a strong image and strengthen their distribution capabilities. Researching a country is important factor, so that you can see what that country looks for in an alternative beverage. Then produce that product and also market to their way of life. They could also try and introduce more flavors that people will enjoy and cut the ones that aren’t doing well. PepsiCo Sustainability can be strengthened by having a major image building campaign for their top product. Just like Coke they need to expand into energy shot branding by having Rockstar add energy shot to its distribution agreement. Another option is to negotiate for distribution rights to European and Asia-Pacific markets with Rockstar or launch its energy drink brands into attractive international markets. In the case it, they discussed that they had introduced a new lineup of alternative drinks known as Charge, Rebuild, Defend, and Bloodshot. As a consumer I have not heard of those brands; indicating to me that marketing of those new products needs an overhaul so that we, the consumers, are aware of such products. Another thing they could do is try to come up with new good tasting flavors for its SoBe energy drink line. Red Bull GmbH The Red Bull brand should improve the performance of its recently introduced energy shot. They need to continue to expand into rapidly growing markets for energy drinks. It is necessary for the company to maintain its lead in the U. S. and European energy drink market. A major key for Red Bull is getting additional product line extensions with the help of their R & D department. They also can develop sports drinks or vitamin-enhanced beverages that can further exploit the appeal of the Red Bull brand. Hansen Natural Corporation Hansen has an agreement with Coca Cola to be a distributor. To be competitive in the alternative beverage market you need to have a strong distribution system. When you have control over your own distribution it gives you the power to have good sales volume and increased market share. Placement on store shelves in the â€Å"first mover areas† is a key to increasing those sales and being in control of your distribution, and then you can set up good locations on store shelves. They also need to continue looking at being innovative in producing new and better products. Image is critical in the minds of consumers in choosing the brands they want. The image presented by the product’s name and emphasized in advertisements, endorsements, and promotions create demand for one brand over another. Finally, sufficient sales volume to achieve scale economies helps in becoming an important driver. They need to have sufficient sales volumes to keep marketing expenses at an acceptable cost per unit basis. Continue running the same That kind of alternative is not a good business decision in that progression is what drives the business environment. In a competitive environment those standing still will be passed or swallowed by the running beast as it goes by. As we seen in our SWOT, all four companies are not at a perfect state and have many opportunities at their doorstep. Recommendation: This case and the way in which has worked out is more about how the industry has a whole can be sustainable. Each one of the companies has similar options that are available to help be maintainable. The one company to me that stands out is the Hansen Natural Corporation because it has been innovative in their options in comparison to Red Bull, such as the size of the cans that they offer. They provide more products for the same or lower price point. I recommend that they develop a better distribution system for their product. It will help with the first mover area which they can move into. As they become stronger in their distribution system they will increase their opportunities to sell their products. Options of places to sell their products such as in vending machines will make their product available to an increased market. As these market segments grow the sales volume will increase with a stronger market share to become available. Brand image is strong to continue building by sponsoring the events to the consumers which you focus your products towards. Action Plan: Immediate: Research distribution channels and how to become â€Å"first mover area† company Short: Cancel agreement with Coke Mid: Set up the distribution channel system. Launch the new system. Long: Make adjustments to the system as the need arises. Conclusion: Competition in the Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages market will continue to grow as the companies continue to be innovative. I have looked at ways to help the companies be more sustainable. I discussed how Hansen Natural will be able to grow and prosper in the alternative beverage market. References Monster Beverage Corp. (2010, February 28). Annual Report. Retrieved March 6, 2013, from www. zonebourse. com/MONSTER-BEVERAGE-CORP-9771916/pdf/182022/Monster%20Beverage%20Corp_Rapport-annuel. pdf Thompson, A. A. , Strickland, A. J. , & Gamble, J. (2012). Crafting and executing strategy: the quest for competitive advantage : concepts and cases (18th ed. ). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Analysis Of Kanye West Is The Definition Of Controversy

Kanye West is the definition of controversy. From his humble beginnings all the way to his grandiose luxury rap. He is the first person to tell you that he deserves his wealth and fame, and he truly does. Kanye West became involved in the hip hop scene in Chicago as a teen, where he crossed paths with No I.D., a producer who quickly picked up Kanye as a student, and thus started Kanye’s career as a producer. Making beats for local artists, he eventually developed a unique style that changed the face of hip hop. By adding samples of soul music, he was picked up quickly as a full time producer, and at the age of nineteen, he earned his first production credit on the debut album of a Chicago rapper, Grav. From there, he struggled to break into the mainstream throughout the late 90s, producing beats just to keep the lights on. At 20, he dropped out of college to focus on his musical work. His big break happened in 2000, where he began to produce for Roc-A-Fella Records, with influ ential artists such as Jay-Z on board. Kanye is credited with bringing Jay-Z’s career back to the limelight, with his production values on â€Å"The Blueprint,† which is often ranked as one of the greatest hip hop records. This success created an incredible amount of interest in West as a producer. Producing as an in-house producer at Roc A Fella, he also produced hit singles for artists such as Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson. Kanye West struggled with his career on a personal level, as his real