The Very Ideal Of Peace Within Political Rule - 1457 Words

The very ideal of peace within political rule is a relatively simple one. Under a rule of peace, denizens of the state can live without a fear of bloodshed or other unsavory incidents. The more complicated question arises when one considers how this manner of rule could possibly be established. After all, it is human nature to fight and war over pretty much any provocation. How then is it possible for a ruler to establish a state that will maintain peace? In the pursuit of peace for a state, brutality must sometimes be employed in the short term in order to achieve a lasting peace in the long term. Machiavelli had it right when he wrote that in order to be a good ruler, one must not necessarily be a good man. (Klosko 2012 In the first place, people are not good. They will act only in accordance with whatever will best suit their needs. It is human nature to act first and foremost with one’s self interest in mind regardless of what would provide a benefit to the state. This is why a ruler who acts in a good manner to those he rules and expects to only receive the same in return is only fooling himself while also putting the safety and peace of his state in harm’s way. (Klosko 2012) In the words of Machiavelli, â€Å"†¦for a man who wishes to act entirely up to his professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much that is evil.† (Machiavelli 2006, Chap XV) In this, Machiavelli reinforces the idea that due to the nature of man, it is important for a ruler to notShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is The Best Political System1670 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand what democracy involves such as a system of rule by the poor or disadvantaged or a society that is based on equal opportunity and individual merit rather than hierarchy or privilege (Heywood, 2013; p.89) . Whether democracy is the best political system for everyone is still very debatable. In addition to highlighting democracy as the best political system for everyone, th is discussion will consider the faults of democracy as a political system as well as the various types of democracy. OneRead MoreThe Development Of Absolutism During The Nineteenth Century Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesIn the course of the seventeenth century, there were many political and religious conflicts within Europe. These struggles affected countless nations across the continent, but almost none were as troubled as France due to the years of religious wars fought out within their territories, which caused widespread chaos in their lands. Both, the upper and lower class citizens were exhausted by these conflicts and were supportive of a new style of government. In attempt to maintain the integrity and stabilityRead MoreThe Governments and States of Locke, Aquinas, and St. Augustine1373 Words   |  6 Pageswhere there are limitless boundaries to freedom. 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This is similar to St. Augustine in the respect that within the world there are evil men who will do harm toRead MoreHow Have the Concepts of Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law and Tolerance Developed Through Time880 Words   |  4 PagesJOURNAL 1 The United State has been established based on the foundation ideas of Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, and Tolerance. Those ideas have become the strong pillars for our Founding Fathers to build a new society (Coaty 23) which vividly accounted in the U.S. Constitution. The questions arise, what are the Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, and Tolerance? Why those ideas have become so vital?   The Popular Sovereignty means is a form of power that a nation state has over itself and its peopleRead MoreWell Balanced Leadership: An Ideal Way to Approach Humanity Essay555 Words   |  3 Pagessimilar. They each had unique philosophies on leadership. As I attempt in trying to find commonalities in these two philosophies, the only one that I can sense is that both give advice on how to lead a nation to maintain prosperity, safety, and peace. I also find truth in the book statement that reads: Like Lao-Tzu, Machiavelli is brief and to the point. Machiavelli was from Italy and Lao-Tzu from China. Their basic idea was to benefit the country and the people through good leadershipRead More Comparing Platos Republic, Mores Utopia, and Gurneys Dinotopia1395 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, mankind has struggled to lead better lives and improve their society for future generations. What do we continuously attempt to improve? What kind of changes are we trying to institute? In other words, what is an ideal society? Many people have very diversified views about a perfect civilization. In Platos Republic, Sir Thomas Mores Utopia, and James Gurneys Dinotopia, three imaginary societies are described, each with its own peculiarities and highlights. Various aspectsRead MorePeace As A Mandatory, A Responsibility, And A Problem Awaiting Solution1469 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Peace as a mandatory, a responsibility, and a problem awaiting solution† We live with complex ideologies. When you think about it, all of these ideologies have different forms and ways, but the fundamental purpose is the consideration for how people can achieve a better life (having better life shall be defined as having happiness or peace). I will deal only with ideologies related to Liberalism. Before jumping into the thesis, it is important to define what liberalism is and where it comes fromRead MoreTopic: ‘Why Democracy Matters’1400 Words   |  6 PagesGreek two words: Kratos means the (rule) and demos means (people). Heywood (2013, p.89). The concept of democracy cannot be understood with precision. One of the most political concepts which does not have one definition. As Bernard Crick’s argues democracy is a term that can mean different things to different people. It is frequently stated in terms of ‘thin’ and ‘thick’. At its thin incarnation, democracy is synonymous with popular sovereignty or majority rule. In some forms, democracy can be actedRead MoreConfucius And The Culture Of East Asian Countries1195 Words   |  5 Pagesstill holds a very influential position in society and that his teachings are still being practiced within a countries culture to the extent that it has adapted to the society. Confucius is an influential Chinese philosopher and his teachings have become a guideline for people in East Asia to live their life in a certain way. Confucius beliefs focus strongly on morality and ethics for one self, but his practices have proved to become universal and this can be seen in social and political situations

Ethics on Smoking Industry Free Essays

INTRODUCTION: Ethics occupy an important place in today’s modern business world. Every organization makes use of ethics to make day-today decisions and fulfill societal expectations. This essay brings to light ethical and social responsibility that every individual and company should follow in order to become better citizens for society. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics on Smoking Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Essay presents analysis based on real case of Philip Morris, a tobacco company in U. S. A versus Mayola – a widow, who took legal action against company for her husband’s death due to smoking. Essay draws balanced argument based on evidences about unethical behavior of tobacco company and smokers personal responsibilities for their actions. We have used Ethical decision-making model of Lagenderfer and Rockness to frame our analysis. ETHICS BUSINESS Ethics in simple terms means set of moral principles or list of rules, which can determine whether particular action undertaken is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. All the activities undertaken by society are based on ethics. Ethics can be personal as well as professional. Personal ethics are based on individual’s values, beliefs, attitudes and actions while business ethics are based on certain principles or code of conduct to guide individual or a group in accordance with societal expectations. Business ethics can be defined as â€Å"study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right or wrong are addressed†(Crane, A Matten ,D, 2007,P. 5). Thus, ethics helps in making decision and is a key for solving problems. Today, society is facing considerable increase in number of ethical issues such as fraud, exploitation, misleading advertisement and increasing pollution. Birt, Chalmers, Beal, Brooks, Byrne, Oliver, 2008, P. 65). CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY It is essential for every organization to undertake corporate social responsibility along with its goals and objectives. According to (Birt et al. , 2008, p. 70) Corporate social responsibility can be referred to responsibility that an entity has to all its stakeho lders, including society in general and physical environment in which it operates. There are many companies, which lack sense of corporate social responsibility and acts against interest of society. RELEVANT FACTS DETERMINED UNDER CASE: Today, business is giving rise to numerous ethical issues, as many companies are involved in exploiting its customers, selling harmful products in markets, false marketing of products and increasing environmental and health issues. Many tobacco companies like Phillip Morris are selling harmful and addictive products like cigarettes that cause serious diseases like lung cancer and heart attack. Analysis of Phillip Morris v. Mayola, Williams case brings down certain relevant facts that give rise to ethical issues. Mayola took a legal action on Philip Morris on the grounds of false and misleading advertisement and marketing undertaken by company for its products. It is fact that Philip Morris knew that tobacco was harmful for health still he advertised his product as non-addictive and safe and Williams death was caused by smoking. Second, fact is that Philip Morris appealed solely against damages that company had to pay to other smokers who did not bring any actions against court. Their appeal was only based on excessive damages that company was supposed to pay to strangers. This clearly indicates that he is very well aware of harms caused by his cigarettes to smokers and did not appeal on the grounds that his products were safe and less addictive. It is also relevant fact that Supreme Court made decision in favor of Philip Morris that company is not liable to pay excessive damages to Ms Williams on the grounds that damages were proper under Oregon statute but was excessive under federal constitution (BBC article, 20 Feb, 2007). This indicates that ethical laws are still complex and not clearly stated under constitution. ETHICAL DILEMMAS FOR BOTH SMOKERS AND COMPANY: Ethical dilemma arises when there is a situation with conflict of interest. We have built certain arguments based on ethical dilemmas from perspective of both smoker and company. We have constructed evidence-based arguments on unethical behavior by Philip Morris Company, which includes major ethical issues, such are selling harmful products, misleading and false advertisement, acting against societal expectations and caring out unethical business practice. Company is involved in producing and selling harmful tobacco products that contains high amount of nicotine, are addictive, and can cause serious health issues such as lung cancer and heart attack. Company acts unethically by encouraging people to smoke and their conflict of interest with societal ethical standards and expectations. According to (Janine and Ruth, 2008) company prevents old smokers from quitting and targets young people and children. Company adopts new and innovative marketing approaches to promote its products like direct mail advertising and sending coupons with discounts. Low tar† cigarettes were developed in response to the health concerns of older smokers in 1970, but experts found them no advantageous to health and did not help smokers to quit. Company lacks in corporate social responsibility as they perform activities that are against interest of society in general and physical environment in which it operates. Company undertakes massive fraud by acting d ishonestly having financial motive in mind. Company is involved in false advertisement indicating their products to be less addictive, more filtered and safe. According to ( Rosner, 2006, P. 193-196) company tries to create illusion by sponsoring cigarette cessation programmes and try to make society believe that they act in ethical way, but their real motive behind it is to promote company’s goal of selling cigarettes and meet their financial interests . Their misleading marketing activities makes lots of people to go for smoking. Philip Morris promised to shut down instantly if their cigarettes were found to be harmful but has failed to keep its promise, which gives rise to ethical dilemma. According to (David Silva, 2004, p. 9-22) Company uses their political and economic influence to create an environment that encourages continued consumption of cigarettes. Company is accused of political lobbying. They lobby legislators and officials in finance ministry in order to keep tobacco prices low and thus encouraging people to smoke. Philip Morris was after minimizing total tax burden on cigarettes in order to keep smoking affordable. Article in Ethical Corporation magazine (2004) states that company declares itself responsible and argues that there is increasing demand for cigarettes by customers and if they stop selling it, someone else will take their position. Company tried to safeguard themselves on the grounds that they are selling legal products, which are not banned by government and are acting in ethical way by warning its customers against dangers associated with smoking. Thus, company gives rise to ethical dilemmas as it has an intension to make huge profits by selling harmful products that are responsible for death of millions of people and still trying to gain creditability as responsible company. From perspective of smokers in general, they give rise to ethical issues by consuming harmful products that are not ethically accepted by society and do not take warnings given by companies and government seriously. It is unethical to blame companies solely responsible for damages caused to them and bring their own actions against company. Their behavior can give rise to ethical dilemmas as their actions have a deep impact on their children and makes smoking more desirable for their kids in future. They also lack in personal and social responsibility by giving rise to health issues and environmental concerns for society in general. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that tobacco is one the world’s greatest preventable health problems. According to our analysis, we came to a balanced conclusion that smokers should take responsibility for their actions and companies should behave ethically by making its customers fully aware about the dangers of smoking. It is very essential to undertake combined ethical and social responsibility by both smokers and tobacco companies to avoid millions of deaths due to smoking and to act in favor of societal expectations. Tobacco companies should stop giving misleading advertisement and marketing activities, which indicates their products to be safe and less addictive. They should stop encouraging consumption of tobacco among young and old and should ban children from its consumption. It is the responsibility of companies to support smoking cessation programs and help smokers to quit not just for sake of creating illusion but also to act in favor of societies interest in general and to build better image in society. Company should change their unethical business practices of creating massive fraud to fulfill its financial motive and provide support to government activities that help smokers to quit. Smokers should follow their personal ethics and should take responsibility for smoking. They should take warnings given by tobacco companies and government to quit smoking seriously. They can search on internet for more information or consult doctor to improve heir knowledge about serious health issues caused by smoking. Smokers should not escape from their personal and social responsibilities towards society and their families. It is unethical to bring their own action against company and solely blame company for health issues caused by smoking. It is moral duty and responsibility of every citizen to bear risk associated with their actions. It is responsibility of government to take care of its citizens and find solutions for their health relating issues. We believe that Political parties should not accept any funds from Tobacco Company for their campaign and government should ban any kind of commercial ads for cigarettes in magazine, newspapers or on television. Government should support smoking cessation programs and quitting and should be alert if tobacco company provides any support as they may mislead government by doing indirect advertising for their products. We recommend that there should be strict tobacco control strategy that restricts consumption of all tobacco products. Thus we conclude that it is ethical, moral and social responsibility for smokers, tobacco companies and government to stop consumption and selling of harmful products for betterment of society and environmental concerns. REFERANCE )Birt, J. ,Chalmers, K. ,Beal, D. , Brooks, A. , Byrne, S. , Oliver, J. (2008). Accounting: Business Reporting for Decision Making. (2nd ed). John Wiley Sons: Milton, Old. 2)Crane, A. , Matten, D. (2007). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship Sustainability in Age of Globalization. (2ND ed). Oxford University Press: New York. 3)David, A. , Silva,V. ( 2004). Building Blocks for Tobacco Control: a handbook tools for advancing t obacco control in xxist century. Publisher World Health Organization: Geneva 4)Rosner, F. (2006). Contemporary Biomedical Ethical Issues and Jewish Laws. KTAV Publishing House: New Jersey 5)Janine, C. , Ruth, M. (2008). False Promises: Journal of American Geriatrics, 56(9), p1716-1723, 8p, 1 chart retrieved on 5/ 09/2009 from Academic Search Premier Database. 6)Tobacco firm wins payout appeal: BBC news article https://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/business/6379767. stm retrieved on 6/9/2009. 7)Philip Morris executive declares his company ‘Responsible’: Article from Ethical Corporation Magazine: http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=2345 retrieved on 8/09/2009. How to cite Ethics on Smoking Industry, Essays

Tolkien Historian Of Middle

Tolkien: Historian Of Middle-Earth Essay John Ronald Reuel Tolkien is remembered for his imaginative writings and the lasting creation of Middle-earth world. However, he was also a great scholar and linguist, holding the position of the Rawlingson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University. His writings owe much of its power to his ocean of knowledge about European languages and a deep understanding and appreciation of the art of storytelling and myths. His books have been translated into twenty-four languages and many millions of copies have been sold worldwide (Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel). Tolkien was born in the Orange Free State, in what is now South Africa, on January 3, 1892. However, his mother brought him home to England when he was four, and after his fathers death his family made their home in rural Sarehole, then on the edge of the industrial city, Brimingham (Rosebury 80-137). When Tolkien was only twelve, his mother passed away, leaving him and his brother in the care of Father Francis Xavier Morgan. Father Morgan was a very strong moral influence on young Tolkien and provided him with loving support though to his years in college (J.R.R. Tolkien 145-146). Tolkien received a very good high school education at King Edward VI School, one of the finest schools in England at the time. From there he went up to Oxford, where he studied English at Exeter College, gaining him first class honors (Rosebury 80-137). At the age of twenty-one, Tolkien proposed to his childhood sweetheart, Edith Bratt, although it was against the wishes of Father Morgan, who objected to him marring someone three years older than himself (J.R.R. Tolkien 145-146). However, the two were unable to web for a few years because Tolkien was drafted to fight in World War I. During the war he served in the Lancashire Fusiliers as an officer, and survived the Somme, though many of his close frien ds and colleagues died (Rosebury 80- 137). His respect for the common solder under the great stress of war shows through in his later writings, where the Hobbits show strength in Mordor, previously unseen by themselves or others (Tolkien, The Return 191-262). We will write a custom essay on Tolkien: Historian Of Middle-Earth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the war he got a job, working at the New English Dictionary, but in 1920 he was appointed reader in English at Leeds University. Four years later he was promoted to Professor, which is the highest academic rank in British universities (Moseley 18-79). It was this time that he started writing. At this stage he thought of his tales as being a new mythology for England. These early works, which laid the basis for his later works, are now published as The Book of Lost Tales(Rosebury 80-137). In 1925 he was elected to the Professorship at Oxford. There he specialized in Philology, the study of words, and was among the most accomplished scholars in his field (Rosebury 80- 137). His love of words led him to work on a series of languages for the Elves of Middle-earth. Though out his lifetime this obsession drove him to produce fourteen languages and he also showed how these languages developed over the course of history of Middle-earth (Chance 7-13). Tolkien said that the one of the first alphabets, called Tengwar, became very popular because it was a very flexible writing system that was easily adapted by the many different races of Middle-earth for use with their languages. The main flaw of this language was that it was very difficult to inscribe onto metal, stone or wood. This led to the creation of Cirth, a similar alphabet but with simpler characters made with strait lines. Tolkien often signed his work with }@O8bael/u} , which translates into his name (Smith Vers. 1.1) . .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .postImageUrl , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:visited , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:active { border:0!important; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:active , .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9 .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucce156de124423d4c7363aeeb8d47df9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Educational Psychology EssayOver the course of the next few years Tolkien wrote four books for each of his four children. Of these, The Hobbit is the best known and was eventually published in 1937. Stanley Unwin, the publisher asked for a sequel but Tolkien was skeptical of a sequels success (Chance 7-13). He felt as if his work would only be enjoyed by a small minority and was surprised with his previous success. Once he began though he became very involved with the book. Unfortunately World War II intervened, and slowed the process down considerably, taking a total of twelve years to complete. The book blossomed into more than a sequel, being not a bok for children, but a great saga for adults, The Lord of the Rings(Rosebury 80-137). At the time of its first publication the book received mixed reviews. It was not until the late 60s and early 70s that Tolkiens popularity increased dramatically with the official release of the Lord of the Rings in the United States. During this time, there was an international emergence of Tolkien cults, which unfortunately delayed Tolkiens entry into the canon of twentieth-century writers (Chance 7-13). Tolkien retired shortly after the publication of this work, and left Oxford for the coastal resort of Bournemouth, but when his wife, Edith, died he returned to Oxford to be with the rest of his family. He himself died two years later on the 2nd of September 1973, at the age of eighty- one. He was buried alongside his wife in an Oxford cemetery, under their real names and the names of two lovers he had created, Beren and Luthien (Moseley 18-79). Although Tolkiens vison was mainly channeled into his writings, he also drew many pictures and sketches, both in ink and water colors, and produced many wonderfully detained maps of Middle-earth. The pictures appear as covers to some editions of his works, and have been gathered into a book of their own (Rosebury 80-137). Tolkien used a great deal of symbolism in his books, most noticeable is the race of small manlike creatures know as Hobbits, which he uses to symbolize the people of England. Tolkien perceived his fellow Englishmen (and Hobbits) as a simple, comfort-loving people that were surprisingly strong and resilient in times of trouble. In many of his books, Hobbits played key roles as an unlikely hero who ends up making a big difference in the world (J.R.R. Tolkien 145- 146). Many people also believe that many of the events in The Lord of the Rings, symbolize people and places in World Wars I and II, but Tolkien denies ever intentional doing so (Rosebury 80-137). When approa ched with similar questions about Middle-earth, Tolkien does not answer as the author, but as a historian trying to recall events of a pass long forgotten. This attitude can be seen in the complimentary (preface, prologues, appendixes, etc.) in The Lord of the Rings as well as in several of published letters. After his death, his son Christopher, aided by the Canadian writer Guy Gavriel Kay, set out to edit many of Tolkiens earlier mythological works. The majority of Tolkiens works were not published until long after his death. The first to be published was the Simarillion, a very detailed work containing many of the myths and the rich history of Middle-earth. In the early 80s, Christopher compiled many of Tolkiens miscellaneous stories into a set of books called the Book of Lost Tales. The most recent addition to the Tolkien library is the History of Middle- earth series. This set of books is almost like a textbook of just the history of Middle-earth and includes many of Tolkiens notes, maps, sketches, and time lines on everything that occurred in Middle-earth, from the creation of the planet to its destruction (Moseley 18-79). .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .postImageUrl , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:visited , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:active { border:0!important; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:active , .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5 .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube14c542546a52862b1dea3f6d559ab5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ENDERS GAME EssayApart from the Middle-earth cannon of works, Tolkien has written a good many childrens books as well as an impressive collection of poetry. Tolkien has also used his linguistic skills to translate many books into English. Other published works are mainly composed of letters he sent to people explaining things about Middle-earth and several scholarly essays (Moseley 18-79). Tolkien never expected his works to achieve the popularity that they have, thinking that they would only be of interest to a select group of readers. Yet his vision of Middle-earth, rooted in his love of language and lore, touched the spirt of people the world over. His work has proved the inspiration for many other writers and artists, and set the foundation for the modern heroic fantasy genre (Moseley 18-79). BibliographyWorks Consulted Chance, Jane. The Lord of the Rings: The Mythology of Power. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992. J.R.R. Tolkien. Favorite Authors of Young Adult Fiction. Frank Schaffer Publications, n.d. 145-146. Moseley, Charles. J.R.R. Tolkien. Plymouth, UK: Northcote House Publishers, 1997. Rosebury, Brian. Tolkien: A Critical Assessment. New York: St. Martins Press, 1992. Smith, Daniel S. Cirth Font Help. Vers. 1.1 Jan. 1999 Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel, Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000. 18 March 2000. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Fellowship of the Ring. Lord of the Rings. 1. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . The Hobbit. Rev. ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982. . The Return of the King. Lord of the Rings. 3. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . The Shaping of Middle-Earth. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995. . The Silmarillion. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. New York: Ballantine Books, 1979. . The Two Towers. Lord of the Rings. 2. New York: Ballantine Books, 1965. . Unfinished Tales of N?menor and Middle-Earth. Ed. Christopher Tolkien, New York: Ballantine Books, 1988. War in Middle-Earth. Map. Irvan: Melbourn House, n.d. Biographies

Free Essays on The Little Black Bloy, By William Blake

Experience through Innocence in â€Å"The Little Black Boy† William Blake’s â€Å"A Little Black Boy† was written at a time in English history when the slave trade was important to the countries economic strengths and anti-slavery sentiment was growing. The poem expresses innocence lost and the impact of life’s experience on a young black boy. The poem begins with the black boy lamenting the fact that he sees himself as being without light and sees the white boy as an angel. The black boy questions his mother as to why his skin is not white. Her reply in a form of protection transforms the black boy’s thoughts and he begins to see himself as being superior to the white boy. This is in direct contrast with the image of the white English child. The poem continues with the child’s mother assuring the child that he falls under God’s light as all God’s creatures do. Due to slavery the little black boy notices a difference in skin tone. He doesn’t see whites and blacks as equals; he knows that there is clearly an inequality among the races. In the first stanza, the difference is shown were the white boy is thought to be an angel. He is white because he is pure. On the other hand, the black boy sees himself as being mourned of light. The fact that he recognizes that he is different detracts from his innocence and weaves in the way life impacts his perception of himself. The black boy then questions his mother as to why his skin is different. In the mother’s teaching she is trying to protect the little black boy. In doing this she says that his black skin is a form of protection. And that he will shade the white boy as a cloud from the sun. The sun being an image of God is good and provides heat, light, and comfort allowing things to grow but also at the same time the sun can burn you. The mother also tells the black boy that his skin color also shows that he is closer to God because God chose him to bear ... Free Essays on The Little Black Bloy, By William Blake Free Essays on The Little Black Bloy, By William Blake Experience through Innocence in â€Å"The Little Black Boy† William Blake’s â€Å"A Little Black Boy† was written at a time in English history when the slave trade was important to the countries economic strengths and anti-slavery sentiment was growing. The poem expresses innocence lost and the impact of life’s experience on a young black boy. The poem begins with the black boy lamenting the fact that he sees himself as being without light and sees the white boy as an angel. The black boy questions his mother as to why his skin is not white. Her reply in a form of protection transforms the black boy’s thoughts and he begins to see himself as being superior to the white boy. This is in direct contrast with the image of the white English child. The poem continues with the child’s mother assuring the child that he falls under God’s light as all God’s creatures do. Due to slavery the little black boy notices a difference in skin tone. He doesn’t see whites and blacks as equals; he knows that there is clearly an inequality among the races. In the first stanza, the difference is shown were the white boy is thought to be an angel. He is white because he is pure. On the other hand, the black boy sees himself as being mourned of light. The fact that he recognizes that he is different detracts from his innocence and weaves in the way life impacts his perception of himself. The black boy then questions his mother as to why his skin is different. In the mother’s teaching she is trying to protect the little black boy. In doing this she says that his black skin is a form of protection. And that he will shade the white boy as a cloud from the sun. The sun being an image of God is good and provides heat, light, and comfort allowing things to grow but also at the same time the sun can burn you. The mother also tells the black boy that his skin color also shows that he is closer to God because God chose him to bear ...

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or opinion that you present. First, youll need to choose a side on a controversial topic, then you will write a speech to explain your position, and convince the audience to agree with you. You can produce an effective persuasive speech if you structure your argument as a solution to a problem. Your first job as a speaker is to convince your audience that a particular problem is important to them, and then you must convince them that you have the solution to make things better. Note: You dont have to address a real problem. Any need can work as the problem. For example, you could consider the lack of a pet, the need to wash ones hands, or the need to pick a particular sport to play as the problem. As an example, lets imagine that you have chosen Getting Up Early as your persuasion topic. Your goal will be to persuade classmates to get themselves out of bed an hour earlier every morning. In this instance, the problem could be summed up as morning chaos. A standard speech format has an introduction with a great hook statement, three main points, and a summary. Your persuasive speech will be a tailored version of this format. Before you write the text of your speech, you should sketch an outline that includes your hook statement and three main points. Writing the Text The introduction of your speech must be compelling because your audience will make up their minds within a few minutes whether or not they are interested in your topic. Before you write the full body you should come up with a greeting. Your greeting can be as simple as Good morning everyone. My name is Frank. After your greeting, you will offer a hook to capture attention. A hook sentence for the morning chaos speech could be a question: How many times have you been late for school?Does your day begin with shouts and arguments?Have you ever missed the bus? Or your hook could be a statistic or surprising statement: More than 50 percent of high school students skip breakfast because they just dont have time to eat.Tardy kids drop out of school more often than punctual kids. Once you have the attention of your audience, follow through to define the topic/problem and introduce your solution. Heres an example of what you might have so far: Good afternoon, class. Some of you know me, but some of you may not. My name is Frank Godfrey, and I have a question for you. Does your day begin with shouts and arguments? Do you go to school in a bad mood because youve been yelled at, or because you argued with your parent? The chaos you experience in the morning can bring you down and affect your performance at school. Add the solution: You can improve your mood and your school performance by adding more time to your morning schedule. You can accomplish this by setting your alarm clock to go off one hour earlier. Your next task will be to write the body, which will contain the three main points youve come up with to argue your position. Each point will be followed by supporting evidence or anecdotes, and each body paragraph will need to end with a transition statement that leads to the next segment. Here is a sample of three main statements: Bad moods caused by morning chaos will affect your workday performance.If you skip breakfast to buy time, youre making a harmful health decision.(Ending on a cheerful note) Youll enjoy a boost to your self-esteem when you reduce the morning chaos. After you write three body paragraphs with strong transition statements that make your speech flow, you are ready to work on your summary. Your summary will re-emphasize your argument and restate your points in slightly different language. This can be a little tricky. You dont want to sound repetitive but will need to repeat what you have said. Find a way to reword the same main points. Finally, you must make sure to write a clear final sentence or passage to keep yourself from stammering at the end or fading off in an awkward moment. A few examples of graceful exits: We all like to sleep. Its hard to get up some mornings, but rest assured that the reward is well worth the effort.If you follow these guidelines and make the effort to get up a little bit earlier every day, youll reap rewards in your home life and on your report card. Tips for Writing Your Speech Dont be confrontational in your argument. You dont need to put down the other side; just convince your audience that your position is correct by using positive assertions.Use simple statistics. Dont overwhelm your audience with confusing numbers.Dont complicate your speech by going outside the standard three points format. While it might seem simplistic, it is a tried and true method for presenting to an audience who is listening as opposed to reading.

Smart grid Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Smart grid - Research Paper Example Basically the smart grid is a set of technology that people are utilizing to get efficient electricity delivery systems into the current era of technology, by making use of information technology supported remote control and automation. Additionally, collaborative communication mode is used to make possible the computer processing that has been employed for decades in a number of other sectors. At the present, these technologies are being used on electricity networks, from wind farms all the way to the consumers of electricity in homes, the power plants and businesses. In fact, they present a wide variety of advantages and opportunities for services and end users and the majority of them are observed in huge improvements in energy effectiveness on the electricity network and in the energy users’ offices and homes. In this scenario, the term â€Å"grid† refers to the electricity networks that are used to transport electricity from the power plants where it is actually pr oduced for the end-users. Additionally, the grid encompasses a number of components such as substations, wires, switches, transformers, and much more. In short, the "smart grid" refers to an up-to-the-minute electrical power system that is demonstrated by the augmented consumption of information and communications technology in the current era, distribution and utilization of electrical energy (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012; IEEE, 2012). Many researchers and scientists believe that it is an incredible and a high-wire act. However, there is need ensuring almost perfect balance between electric supply and electric demand in order to offer proper functionality. In addition, there are many people who work in these centers all around the United States and they are there 24 hours, seven days a week in an attempt to confirm that takes place, as well as their responsibility is to work on a minute-by-minute basis. In this scenario, the smart grids are very helpful in maintaining that balan ce (Koerth-Baker, 2012). (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012) define smart grids by comparing it with a â€Å"smart† phone as they are known as a phone having a computer in it, in the same way smart grid is the process of â€Å"computerizing† or automating the electric utility grid. Basically, it can be accomplished by incorporating mutual digital communication technology to devices linked with the grid. In this scenario, each device that is the part of the grid can be assigned sensors to collect data (such as voltage sensors, power meters, fault detectors, etc.), and the incorporation of mutual digital communication between the devices connected to the grid and the service center’s network operations. In addition, the most important function of the smart grid is to provide the automation technology that allows the service center regulate and manage each and every device that is the part of the network or even millions of devices from a central position (U.S. Depar tment of Energy, 2012). According to (LaMonica, 2009) to a greater extend smart grid works similar to the Internet and the throughway road system. For this reason, they are believed to be huge investments in communications. In addition, it is not only a function in fact it is an objective to provide the electricity system a digital revolution in an attempt to make it more well-organized and consistent. Moreover, many governments and utilities all the way through the globe are spending billions of dollars to put down new communication sources and lines and ensure the electricity network function similar the computer networks we normally use in our daily life. Furthermore, huge technology vendors and thousands of new organizations are struggling for distinction and reputation in the smart grid (LaMonica, 2009). Security

Witchcraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Witchcraft - Essay Example There are various cases in which this supernatural aid is usually invoked, to awaken the compassion of love that are desired, to compass the death of any obnoxious person, to call up a dead person, or to bring calamity upon rivals, enemies and opponents. Witchcraft has been done by numerous people in nearly all the periods of world’s history. The traditional belief is that not only of the dark ages but also the witches and wizards of the post-reformation times were addicted to such practices and they entered into a compact with the Satan, adjured Sacraments and the Christ, observed ‘the witches sabbath’; they paid divine honor to the ‘king of darkness’ and in return they got from him supernatural powers like harming their chosen victims, doing what they desire to, for instance, riding through the air on a broomstick, and willing to perform any service which is needed to fulfill their nefarious purposes. (Thurston, H. 1912) During the Middle Ages and even today at times, witchcraft is performed by witches as an act of healing and curing illnesses. These Witch-healers were at times the only general medical practitioners for people who had no facility of doctors and hospitals and were terribly affected with poverty and diseases. Even the church itself had very less to offer the suffering peasantry yet the Witches healers were even killed as well as accused of helping and healing. A witch-hunter puts it as: â€Å"For this must always be remembered, as a conclusion, that by witches we understand not only those which kill and torment, but all Diviners, Charmers, Jugglers, all Wizards, commonly called wise men and wise women†¦and in the same number we reckon all good witches, which do no hurt but good, which do not spoil and destroy, but save and deliver†¦It were a thousand times better for the land if all Witches, but specially the