New York And Chicago During The 1920s Essays -

New York and Chicago During the 1920's The 1920's was a huge decade for the phenomena known as Jazz. Due to the closing of the seaport in New Orleans, musicians were forced to travel up the Mississippi to find work. Two of the cities most affected by this move were Chicago and New York. Chicago was home primarily for New Orleans traditional music during the 1920's. From this New Orleans style came four major types of jazz: Boogie-Woogie, Chicago Jazz, Urban Blues, and Society Dance Bands. Because of the ever-growing popularity of nightclubs during Prohibition, these styles of jazz thrived so musicians were guaranteed jobs. The popularity of the phonograph also provided a huge boost to the music industry during the 1920's. Boogie-Woogie was a style of improvised piano music played during the '20's in Chicago. It got its start in the mining areas of the Midwest. The rolling, repetitious style was the beginning of the Midwestern shuffle style. The second type of jazz popular during this time was Chicago Jazz. It was played mostly by white musicians. Chicago Jazz tended to be very aggressive and usually ended abruptly. Since Chicago had more nightclubs than New York, it held a bigger attraction for musicians. It was only after the stock market crash in 1929 that New York replaced Chicago as a jazz capital. This style of jazz was tighter and more rehearsed than others. The next kind of jazz to emerge during the 1920's was Urban Blues. This was played primarily in an area known as the bucket of blood. This referred to an area along the South Side of Chicago. The clubs there were known to hire the who's who of blues musicians. The last major style of jazz to emerge from Chicago during the '20's was Society Dance Bands. These bands were usually big with plush arrangements. They were located downtown and were slower paced and had no improvisation. They were designed mainly for dancing. They had a more sophisticated sound that was copied by other bands because it was so successful. Following is a list of some of the major mover and shakers to come out of Chicago during the 1920's. Joe Oliver (1885-1938) The King played the cornet and was one of the most important pure jazz musicians. He is mostly known for his time spent with his Creole Jazz Band. Recognition should be given to the fact that Louis Armstrong got much of his fame when he played with Oliver's band as a hot jazz specialist. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Armstrong is known as the father of the jazz trumpet. He was responsible for making the trumpet popular in jazz. He is also considered to be the first serious soloist in jazz. It is thought that Armstrong's time in a reformatory gave him the social tools necessary to survive and also gave him his rough ragtime trumpet sound. Meade Lux Lewis (1905-1964) Lewis was one of the leading boogie-woogie pianists. He was the third member of one of the biggest jazz boogie-woogie trios in history. He worked as a cab driver during the day and played gigs at night. Pete Johnson (1904-1967) Also a boogie-woogie piano master, Johnson unfortunately had trouble handling the business side of music. He therefore had to often take day jobs to sustain himself. Benny Goodman (1909-1986) Known as the King of Swing, Goodman played the clarinet. His band was originally thought of as a dance band. But with the help of Fletcher Henderson, along with others, Goodman's band took on the characteristics of a true jazz orchestra. Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) Whiteman is credited for introducing more people to jazz during the 1920's than any other person. He originally played violin, but ended up being a bandleader full time. His huge success allowed him to be one of the very few bandleaders to continue working after the stock market crash. Leon Bix Beiderbecke (1903-1931) Leon is considered to be the only white trumpet player to have ever come close to capturing Louis Armstrong's amazing popularity. His style of playing was more European than most trumpeters of that time. Unfortunately, he was often unable to play due to his addiction to alcohol. New York was the other city greatly affected by the close of Storyville. During the 1920's New York was known for two main

im not good at english Essays

im not good at english Essays im not good at english Essay im not good at english Essay Samuel Merrill Woodbridge (1819-1905) was an American clergyman, theologian, author, and college professor. A graduate of New York University and the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, Woodbridge served several congregations in New York and New Jersey for sixteen years as a minister in the Reformed Church in America. His was the eleventh generation in a large family of English and American clergymen dating back to the late fifteenth century. After accepting a pastoral call in New Brunswick, New Jersey, he was appointed professor of ecclesiastical history and church government at the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, where he taught for 4 years. He also taught for seven years as professor of metaphysics and philosophy of the human mind at Rutgers College (now Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey). Woodbridge later led the New Brunswick seminary as Dean and President of the Faculty from 1883 to 1901 †both positions were equivalent to a seminary president. He was the author of three books and several published sermons and addresses covering various aspects of Christian faith, theology, church history and gov Samuel Merrill Woodbridge was born 5 April 1819 in Greenfield, Massachusetts. He was the third of six children born to the Rev. Sylvester Woodbridge, D. D. (1790- 1863) and Elizabeth Gould (died in 1851). [1][2]:p. 140 According to a genealogical chart published in Munseys Magazine in 1907, Woodbridge was in the eleventh generation of a family of clergymen dating back to the late 1 5th century. 3][4] The earliest clergyman in this ancestral line, the Rev. John Woodbridge (born in 1493), was a follower of John Woodbridge attended New York University, receiving a Bachelor of Arts (A. B. ) degree in 1838. [1] As an undergraduate student, Woodbridge was a member of the universitys secretive, all-male Eucleian Society and was elected o Phi Beta Kappa. [l] He was awarded a Master of Arts (A. M. ) from the New Brunswick Theological Semina ry in 1841 and was installed as a minister by the Reformed Churchs Classis of New York, a governing body overseeing churches within the region. 3][5]:p. 4 At this time, his alma mater, New York University, promoted his bachelors degree to a Master of Arts. [l] After his graduation from seminary, he served as pastor to congregations in South Brooklyn (1841-49), at the Second Reformed Church in Coxsackie, New York (1849-52), and at the Second Reformed Church in New Brunswick, New Jersey In December 1857, Woodbridge as appointed to the faculty of two schools in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He would serve 44 years as a professor of ecclesiastical history and church government at New Brunswick Theological Seminary (from 1857 to 1901) and for seven years as a professor of Metaphysics and Philosophy of the Human Mind at Rutgers College (from 1857 to Both schools were then affiliated with the Protestant Dutch Reformed He was appointed by the Synod to a vacancy in both professorates caused by the death of the Rev. John Ludlow, D. D. (1793-1857), on 8 September 1857. [8]:p. 28 During his tenure at the seminary, Woodbridge also rovided instruction in the areas of pastoral, didactic and polemic theology†often when there were vacancies amongst the faculty. [8]:pp. 414-41 5[9] seminarys faculty, circa 1904 In 1883, the churchs General Synod decided that the oldest professor in service in the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick be styled Dean of the Seminary, and to him shall be entrusted the discipline of the Institution, according to such regulations as may be agreed upo n by the Faculty. [8]:p. 134 Woodbridge led the seminary as its first Dean of the Seminary, and subsequently as President of the Faculty until his retirement in 1901. Both positions were redecessors to the present seminary president. [10] During his career, Woodbridge received honorary degrees from Union College (D. D. 1858) and from Rutgers College (A. M. , 1841; D. D. , 1857; LL. D. He retired from teaching in 1901 as an emeritus professor, at the age of 82. [1] Woodbridge married twice. His first marriage was to Caroline Bergen (who died in 1861) in February 1845; the couple had one daughter, Caroline Woodbridge (born in 1845). On 20 December 1866 he married his second wife, Anna Wittaker Dayton (1823-1920), with whom he had two daughters, Anna Dayton Woodbridge (born in 1869) and Mary Elizabeth Woodbridge born in 1872). [1][2]:p. 192 Woodbridge died at the age of 86 on 23 June 1905 in New Brunswick, New Jersey. [l] He was interred in a family plot in the citys Elmwood Cemetery. 11] Church historian Charles Edward Corwin recorded that Woodbridge was described as having a strong personality that made dry subjects to glow with life, adding that he was very firm in the faith but his loving heart made him kindly even toward those whose opinion he considered dangerous. Samuel Merrill Woodbridge was born 5 April 1819 in Greenfield, Massachusetts. He was the third of six children born to the Rev. Sylvester Woodbridge, D. D. 1790-1863) and Elizabeth Gould (died in 1851). [1 ][2]:p. 40 According to a genealogical chart published in Munseys Magazine in 1907, Woodbridge was in the eleventh generation of a family of clergymen dating back to the late 15th century. [3][4] The earliest clergyman in this ancestral line, the Rev. John Woodbridge (born in 1493), was a follower of John Woodbridge attended New York University, receiving a Bachelor of Arts (A. B. ) degree in 1838. [1] As an undergraduate student, Woodbridge was a member of the universitys secretive, all-male Eucleian Society and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. [l] He was awarded a Master of Arts (A. M. from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1841 and was installed as a minister by the Reformed Churchs Classis of New York, a governing body overseeing churches within the region. [3][5]:p. 4 At this time, his alma mater, New York University, promoted his Protestant Dutch Reformed faith. [7][b] He was appointed by the Synod to a vacancy when there were vacancies amongst the 5[9] Emeritus professo r Woodbridge (seated, center, with white beard and robes) with the of clergymen dating back to the late 1 5th century. [3][4] The earliest clergyman in this even toward those whose opinion he considered dangerous.

Calcium Absorption Essay Example for Free

Calcium Absorption Essay In order to determine the content of calcium and magnesium in an unknown sample of limestone, the utilization of atomic absorption spectrophotometry can help in deciphering the unknown concentrations of each molecule in the limestone sample. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, emits radiation of the correct frequency that is passed through a flame and the intensity of the transmitted radiation is measured?. The calcium concentration or ppm can be measured using the absorbance of the solution and comparing it to a standard curve for calcium?. Whereas magnesium, needs to be determined using the standard addition method. The concentrations of each respective molecule can be presented as CaO and MgO percentages of the unknown limestone sample. Materials and Methods The compound calcium carbonate (CaCO3, CAS: 471-34-1, 204. 89ppm) was utilized to compare its absorbance to the unknown sample of limestone # 8066 on the standard curve. Moreover, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4*7H2O, CAS: 10034-99-8, 40. 8ppm) was also utilized to compare its absorbance against that of the unknown. Lab personnel from the CSU Eastbay department of chemistry stockroom performed all calibrations on the Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 300 atomic absorption spectrometer. All chemicals used in this experiment were obtained from the CSU Eastbay department of chemistry stockroom. A Denver Instrument Co. Sargent-Welch analytical balance was used to determine the mass of the unknown, mass of calcium carbonate, and mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. A Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 300 atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a Lumina Calcium and Magnesium Lamp was used to determine the absorbance. The instrument used Argon and Acetylene as the carrier gas and oxidant gas, respectively. Calcium Absorption. (2018, Oct 17).

Framing, persuasion, and emotions Research Paper

Framing, persuasion, and emotions - Research Paper Example There has been an emphasis on the need to use gain-framed messages that promote positive behavioral changes by highlighting the potential benefits of behavior adjustments. On the other hand, many scholars have highlighted that loss-framed messages may promote the undesirable behavior. Notably, both gain-frames and loss-framed messages may contain similar information. However, different studies have revealed that gain-framed and loss-framed messages have a different capacity in persuading people. According to Seo and Shen (2013), there are different persuasive effects of gain and loss framing. These authors recognized that gain and loss framing determined the kind of decision that individuals are interacting with the message made in the end. The researchers placed emphasis on the need for advanced research in an effort to identify the frameworks that explain the different persuasive effects of gain and loss framing. Seo and Shen also explored the need to combine visual images with a persuasive message. They highlighted that visual imagery combined with framing registers a high level of persuasion. These authors highlighted the exemplification theory is of critical importance in explaining how a mediating mechanism does exist between an image and the persuasive outcome. In addition, the authors highlighted that the duo coding theory is of critical importance in understanding how verbal and nonverbal mental systems encode information gained from the interaction with the enviro nment. Because the verbal, mental system focuses on language and symbols, the non-verbal system gives close attention to non-symbolic types of information. For this reason, framing corresponds to the verbal system while the use of visual images corresponds to the non-verbal system. Seo and Shen also described persuasion as a process, which constitutes of numerous linked changes. For this

Report leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Report leadership - Coursework Example g to a visible set of leadership differences prevailing between Apple under the guidance of Jobs and Enron, their respective approaches towards performing various operational functions were also been determined thoroughly in the report. Steve Jobs had been quite an influential leader over the years and during his reign, Apple has experienced maximum success in the global business market. However, on the other hand, owing to the inefficiency in the domain of leadership, Enron has seen a major setback in its business, which ultimately resulted in total demise from the global market. Contextually, certain areas of improvement were highlighted in the report that could have enhanced the leadership approaches of both the companies and their respective leaders up to a certain extent. Business patterns have been transformed immensely over the years due to the progression in the domain of technology along with the emergence of various new and developed means of steering business activities. It will be crucial to depict that companies, which fail to move in parallel with the changing business environment will not be capable or less capable in ensuring the conduct of sustainable operations in the global business world. Contextually, it is worth mentioning that companies have the need to develop effective as well as creative strategies that can strengthen their competitive position both in the domestic and the global market. It is quite obvious to the fact that due to the absence of proper plans and policies, any business will suffer adversely and will not able to create a sustainable position for themselves in this competitive business world. In this regard, it is vital that companies plan their objectives and business prospects in an effective and efficient manner, further enhancing the probability of gaining maximum success. However, the other side of the coin depicts that proper execution of the strategies is equally important to attain several significant benefits for

Establishment of responsibility Essay Example for Free

Establishment of responsibility Essay While at the counter, the customer can see other employees making the pizzas and the large ovens in which the pizzas are baked Instructions: Identify the six principles of internal control and give an example of each principle that you might observe when picking up your pizza. Note: It may not be possible to observe all the principles. ) 1st Principle – Establishment of responsibility * Only one person is responsible for a given task. * For example, the cashier that exchanges the pizza for cash would be the principle of establishment of responsibility. 2nd Principle – Segregation of duties. Accounting employees balances books * Another personnel has custody of cash on hand (making deposits) * In this principle- segregation of duties one cannot observe this principle in this scenario. th Principle – Documentation procedures * Pre-number documents or invoices * For example, the cashier has pre-number receipts for each order that is picked up by the customer. At the end of the clerk’s shift these invoices are forwarded to accounting to timely record each transaction. 5th Principle – Physical mechanical and electronic controls * Consist of having safes, deposit boxes, and time clocks for time worked. * The clerk has a cashier that controls and safeguards the assets to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the accounting records. th Principle – Independent internal verification * Employees review, compare, and reconcile data that was prepared by them. Three measure are recommended: * An example cannot be provided for this principle because a customer cannot identify if: * 1st – Org. should verify records periodically or on a surprise basis. * 2nd – A manager should make the verification of an employee * 3rd – Discrepancies and exceptions should be reported to mgt. to make appropriate corrective action. Chapter 7: Problem Set B: P7-2B The board of trustees of a local church is concerned about the internal accounting controls pertaining to the offering collections made at weekly services. They ask you to serve on a three-person audit team with the internal auditor of the university and a CPA who has just joined the church. At a meeting of the audit team and the board of trustees you learn the following: A) Indicate the weaknesses in internal accounting control in the handling of collections. There are a few weaknesses in internal control in the handling of collections for the church, such as there is no supervision when the ushers take money. There is a chance that the ushers can take money from the collection plate. In addition, the financial secretary manages three tasks like bank reconciliation, has control and has custody of the cash, and maintains the church records. Moreover, the financial secretary holds out cash ($150-$200) per week; different withhold amounts for cash expenditures. There is not a witness when the head usher or the financial secretary count the money. Last, checks are made payable to cash (Kimmel, Weygandt amp; Kieso, 2007). B) List the improvements in internal control procedures that you plan to make at the next meeting of the audit team for: Ushers: How churches handle usher operations varies from congregation to congregation, but a consistent set of controls protects the fiduciary integrity of the church, and creates confidence among donors. One problem in the collection process is that only the head usher counts the collection without any accountability to ensure his count is accurate, or that all of the funds donated are transferred to the safe. This can be resolved by having the other ushers count the donations and sign off on the report, so that more than one set of eyes have verified the donations. Additionally, volunteers will need to take a course familiarizing would-be ushers with standard operating procedures, and reporting standards before being qualified to volunteer for usher position. This will help solidify controls for the ushers. Head Usher: While the church may not be currently experiencing anything wrong with the usher selection and volunteer system at the church, some improvements might be considered. The church might consider making the head usher a year-long term, elected by church members to create continuity, but also impose term limits – possibly every 3-4 years a head usher must take a sabbatical. Additionally, because the head usher role is so pivotal in the collection process, and it is a place where mistakes or malfeasance can easily take place; it would be helpful for the ushers and the financial secretary to be present in the collection counts, the day of, so someone outside the usher department can verify tithe counts. Financial Secretary: The most glaring issue, which opens up easy access for, would be embezzlers in the congregations check policy. All checks being written to cash basically enables anyone to cash out the check, the church, a rouge employee or volunteer, or otherwise. All checks need to be made out to the church, not to cash. It would be even better if the church went the route of many churches by allowing donors to have donations processed monthly (or weekly depending on donor preference) through e-commerce, allowing debit or credit payments to be made automatically to the church account. This will add a layer to the recording process, but it also increases security for donors. The financial secretary also needs to stop pulling cash from weekly donations for cash expenditures as cash transactions are harder to track and thus are more easily abused. Instead a petty cash account needs to be started, and cash allocated as needed based on historical records of cash expenditures. Additionally, a church credit/debit card, or reimbursement policy greatly will diminish the need for high levels of cash in the petty cash account. Finance Committee: The first thing the finance committee needs to do is to follow its own policy, and conduct annual audits. The church’s 501 (C)(3) nonprofit designation demands this. Often the most â€Å"trusted† employees are the ones who are found to have committed improprieties. Regardless of trust, regular audits, and reporting is essential. The second major priority is for the financial committee to purchase a fidelity insurance policy that will protect the church in the case of financial impropriety or massive fraud on part of those who handle finances. In addition to the need for an overhaul in policy (discussed below), the financial committee needs to inculcate a culture of financial vigilance and rigor to keep the church from even the perception of financial impropriety. C) What church policies should be changed to improve internal control? The church board of trustees is responsible of make sure that the church runs smoothly, from assigning the right ministers to the right ministries and making sure that the tithes and offerings are accounted for after each service. The first and most important thing that the church needs to do is getting some fidelity insurance. This type of insurance will protect the church of losses that may result of fraudulent acts by specified individuals. Protecting the church of any dishonest employee or member who may steal money, securities, and other property that once belong to the church. The second thing is to have an audit conducted because there has not been an audit performed in 15 years. Highly recommend using an outside source of performing the audit, this way every rock and stone will be turn over. The church financial management department should be responsible for counting and recordkeeping of the tithes and offering received but in separate offices, one office for counting the money and the other office for recordkeeping purposes The head usher responsibility should be making sure that the tithes and offering plates are accounted for and immediately delivering the plates (with one member from the board of trustee) to the financial management office (the financial office manager, and one individual from the board of trustees are the only ones with keys to both offices). The financial management recordkeeping personnel and the financial secretary should first come to an agreement on how much cash is needed for the week expense. Also the two will count the money with the intention to be deposit along with a deposit slip; the financial secretary will be responsible of making the deposit and afterward returning the deposit receipt to the recordkeeping office for recording purposes.

New Casts :: essays research papers

News Casts: Is there more than meets the Eye? In today’s world, people rely on different things to inform them of what is happening in society. One of the main ways of receiving the news is by TV. People can tune in at various times during the day and watch a news cast. These news segments vary from a half-hour to a full hour showing. For instance, one might not be interested in the news one day. But before the showing of Channel 31 “Action News'; is to be aired the news shows a little snippet of a very interesting story. This might catch one’s attention and decide to watch just that one story. Now they have you hooked because the very interesting story that you want to watch is going to be shown at the end of the segment. One might have to sit through all the commercials and the other stories just to get to the one story that interests them. These are some of the certain tricks to draw and keep their viewers tuned in. One of the tricks that are use is called “Teasers';. A teaser does exactly what it’s called. The news show’s a snippet of the up coming segment. This snippet is usually of an interesting and exciting story. The snippet is the tease. The news is like fishing. The new anchors are the fishermen or women. The viewers are the fish. The new anchors use these teasers as bait to reel in the viewers. This snippet is showed before the sitcom before the news is over. This way people watching the sitcom might get interested to stay and watch the news cast. Another trick is similar to the teaser. That trick is called the Bumper. The bumpers are used like the teaser, except they are shown during the news and right before commercials. The bumpers are intend to keep you interested enough so the viewer will sit through the commercials to watch the rest of the news. Also there are bumpers at the end of the news program. Those are trying to get you to tune into the next airing of the news. According to Postman and Powers from “How to watch TV news'; if the news programmers had their way people would be watching a steady diet of news programs, one right after the other. The News anchors are the ones that deliver the bumpers.